How does the three-high soybean elite variety Liaodou 22 perform?
Liaodou 22 is a new "three-high" (high yield, high oil, high protein) elite soybean variety bred by the Crop Research Institute of the Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences. As early as 1995, using Liao 8878-13-9-9 as the female parent and 93010-1 as the male parent, it was developed through sexual hybridization and pedigree selection over 11 years, and was approved by the National Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2006.
1. Characteristics and traits
Well-developed root system, strong stems, dark green leaves, elliptical leaflets, main stem with 17.7 nodes, 1.8 effective branches, compact plant type, plant height 96.8 cm. It bears purple flowers, has a semi-determinate podding habit, and 42.1 effective pods per plant; the pods are evenly distributed, and mature pods are light brown and do not shatter easily. Each pod mostly contains 2-3 seeds; the seeds are elliptical and glossy. Both the seed coat and hilum are yellow, and the 100-seed weight is 21.4 g. The intact seed rate is 90.55%, the insect-damaged seed rate is 3.75%, the combined rate of brown spot seeds and purple spot seeds is 4.10%, and the combined rate of immature seeds and impurities is 1.60%. According to the grain quality test results of the Grain and Grain Products Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture, it contains 21.66% crude fat and 41.29% crude protein, meeting the national standards for high-oil and high-protein soybeans, with excellent quality. It is resistant to soybean mosaic virus disease and cyst nematode disease, and also resistant to drought and lodging. In the Shenyang area, the growth period is about 130 days.
2. Yield performance
It has good high-yield and stable-yield performance. In the 2004-2005 national regional trial and production trial, the average yields per mu (1 mu = 667 sq m, the same below) were 186.7 kg and 173.8 kg respectively, increasing yield by 8.2% and 12.3% respectively compared with the control variety.
3. Key cultivation points
(1) Site selection and land preparation: Choose plots with good water and fertilizer retention, fertile soil, deep soil layer, uniform fertility, flat terrain, and a pH value of about 7 for planting. Continuous cropping or alternated cropping is not suitable. Prepare the land finely, plow about 20 cm deep, and make the land level and the soil fine, with no clods, loose on top and firm below, creating good conditions for sowing and seedling establishment.
(2) Seed selection and sowing: Before sowing, carefully select elite seeds, choosing excellent seeds that are plump, uniform, disease-free, injury-free, and have a high germination rate (above 95%). Use hill sowing, with row spacing of 50-60 cm, hill spacing of 15-20 cm, 2-3 seeds per hill, and soil covering thickness of 3-5 cm. Press the soil firmly in time after sowing.
(3) Thinning and final singling: Be sure to thin early and single early. Usually thin the seedlings after the true leaves unfold and before the first compound leaf unfolds, and final singling can be done after the first compound leaf unfolds. Be sure to keep healthy seedlings that grow normally and are free of disease and injury. Generally, about 12,000 plants per mu is appropriate.
(4) Fertilization and irrigation: During land preparation, deeply apply 3,000 kg of fully decomposed high-quality farmyard manure and 15 kg of diammonium phosphate per mu as base fertilizer. At the early flowering stage, apply 5 kg of urea per mu as a granular fertilizer. At the seed-filling stage, spray a mixed solution of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, molybdenum, zinc, manganese, and boron as foliar fertilizer as appropriate. From the flowering stage to the seed-filling stage, if the soil lacks moisture and there is drought with no rain, irrigation must be carried out in time.
(5) Weeding and hilling: After sowing and before emergence, apply 5 g of 20% chlorimuron-ethyl plus 100-125 mL of 50% acetochlor sprayed on the ground, which can both kill weeds and control dodder. Before the plants close the rows, complete 2-3 rounds of hoeing and ridging, which can both remove weeds and hill the soil to prevent lodging. If large weeds still remain, they should be pulled out at any time.
(6) Disease prevention and pest control: Before sowing, use a seed coating agent for seed coating, which can achieve the dual effect of killing pathogens and controlling underground pests. Lvheng No. 3 wettable powder can be used to control diseases such as downy mildew and leaf spot. Use 1.8% abamectin to control pests such as aphids and red spiders. Use slow-release cards dipped in dichlorvos to control boring pests such as soybean pod borer and bean pod borer.