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Detailed Explanation of Mid-to-Late Stage Management Techniques for Soybeans in Northeast China

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The main soybean-producing areas in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia have generally suffered from a disaster pattern of spring drought followed by spring waterlogging. Drought, low temperatures and insufficient sunlight have caused slow plant growth, and have also increased the occurrence of herbicide injury, weed infestation and diseases. At present, plants generally have 2-3 fewer compound leaves than in the same period of a normal year, and growth is uneven. Therefore, cultivating strong seedlings, building a reasonable population structure, promoting early maturity and preventing lodging are the key tasks in mid-to-late stage field management of soybeans, and at present special attention must be paid to draining waterlogged soybean fields and preventing waterlogging damage. Recently, the soybean expert guidance group of the Ministry of Agriculture and the National Agricultural Technology

The main soybean-producing areas in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia have generally suffered from a disaster pattern of spring drought followed by spring waterlogging. Drought, low temperatures and insufficient sunlight have caused slow plant growth, and have also increased the occurrence of herbicide injury, weed infestation and diseases. At present, plants generally have 2-3 fewer compound leaves than in the same period of a normal year, and growth is uneven. Therefore, cultivating strong seedlings, building a reasonable population structure, promoting early maturity and preventing lodging are the key tasks in mid-to-late stage field management of soybeans, and at present special attention must be paid to draining waterlogged soybean fields and preventing waterlogging damage. Recently, the soybean expert guidance group of the Ministry of Agriculture and the National Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center, on the basis of thorough investigation and consultation, put forward opinions on mid-to-late stage field management of soybeans.

First, carry out timely intertillage and hilling. Before the rows close, carry out timely hoeing and ridging to loosen the soil, release cold and increase temperature, enhance soil permeability, and reduce the risk of waterlogging later on. At the same time, it can eliminate weeds, promote root development and strong seedlings, early branching, early flowering and more flowering. The general depth is 8-12 cm.

Second, spray foliar fertilizer. For plots with small and weak soybean seedlings, at the early flowering stage and the pod-setting stage, apply 15 kg of urea plus 1.5 kg of monopotassium phosphate per hectare, diluted in 750 kg of water, for foliar spraying, spraying once every 10 days or so, for 3 sprays. This enhances plant stress resistance and promotes soybean growth.

Third, prevent lodging. Because of the recent low temperatures and abundant rain, the plant root systems are poorly developed, and lodging is very likely to occur in the later stage. If a tendency toward excessive growth and lodging is found, apply 45-75 g of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid per hectare, fully dissolved with alcohol, then diluted in 525-725 kg of water for foliar spraying, to strengthen the stems and dwarf the plants, preventing lodging.

Fourth, prevent weed damage. During intertillage and weeding, weeds are often left behind. These weeds are tall and grow quickly, competing with soybeans for water, light and nutrients, and seriously affecting the normal development of soybeans. In late July or early August, pull up the large weeds once to help soybean ventilation, light penetration, early maturity and increased yield.

Fifth, control diseases and insect pests. Recently there has been more rainfall and high air humidity, which has provided favorable conditions for the major outbreak of soybean frogeye leaf spot, downy mildew and other diseases, so prevention and control must be strengthened.

1. Control of frogeye leaf spot: when 30% of the soybean field shows frogeye leaf spot, spray 70% thiophanate-methyl or 50% carbendazim wettable powder, at 1500 g per hectare, applying 1-2 times, with an interval of 7-10 days.

2. Control of downy mildew: use 58% metalaxyl-mancozeb at 600-800 times dilution, or 50% tektamer at 500-1000 times dilution. The above agents should be sprayed once every 7-10 days, for a total of 2-3 sprays.

3. Control of soybean pod borer: on the basis of forecasting, during the peak emergence period of adults, spray 0.3 L of 2.5% lambda-cyhalothrin emulsifiable concentrate per hectare or 0.45 L of 30% taoxiaoling emulsifiable concentrate per hectare, or other pyrethroid insecticides.

4. Control of soybean thrips: in the early post-emergence stage of soybeans, spray 300-450 mL of 5% fipronil per hectare.

5. Control of soybean aphid: when the aphid count reaches 1000 per 100 plants, apply 225 mL of 2.5% lambda-cyhalothrin per hectare, or 15-20 g of 70% imidacloprid per hectare for control.

6. Control of red spider mite: when spot or patchy occurrence appears, control should be carried out promptly. Apply 900-1500 mL of 2.5% lambda-cyhalothrin per hectare; or add 750-1500 mL of 48% chlorpyrifos to 1% of the spray volume of Yaoxiaobao or Xindebao.

Sixth, harvest at the right time. When all soybean leaves have fallen, the stems are dry and withered, the seeds show the color of the variety, and the moisture content is below 18%, carry out mechanical or manual harvesting. The harvest standard requires that stubble be cut without leaving bottom pods, and no branches be lost, striving to reduce field losses, combined harvesting losses, breakage rate and muddy-face rate to the lowest point.

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