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Key Technical Points and Management Methods for Winter Soybean Cultivation

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1. Sowing time. The sowing window for winter soybeans is quite flexible; yields do not differ noticeably when sowing from early April to early June. In practice, to ensure winter soybeans obtain a suitable stand of basic seedlings, in addition to correctly determining the number of hills per mu to provide the density basis, sowing should generally be done during the period before the corn canopy closes, so that the soybean seedlings have already formed the necessary vegetative mass before shading intensifies, which helps ensure the basic seedling stand. In strip-planting areas, it is best to sow together with corn or slightly later, that is, in mid-to-late April; in sole-cropping areas after the small spring crop, it is best to sow in early-to-mid May. 2. Planting method. Winter soybean planting method

1. Sowing time. The sowing window for winter soybeans is quite flexible; yields do not differ noticeably when sowing from early April to early June. In practice, to ensure winter soybeans obtain a suitable stand of basic seedlings, in addition to correctly determining the number of hills per mu to provide the density basis, sowing should generally be done during the period before the corn canopy closes, so that the soybean seedlings have already formed the necessary vegetative mass before shading intensifies, which helps ensure the basic seedling stand. In strip-planting areas, it is best to sow together with corn or slightly later, that is, in mid-to-late April; in sole-cropping areas after the small spring crop, it is best to sow in early-to-mid May.

2. Planting method. The planting method for winter soybeans is related to the plant architecture characteristics of the variety used. Compact-type varieties should be planted in double rows with double plants within the corn rows, while tall and luxuriant varieties are best planted in single rows with double plants or single plants between the corn rows.

3. Management before emerging from the canopy. The focus is on strong seedlings and preventing damage to seedlings by soil-dwelling pests. Pesticides such as deltamethrin and bisultap can be used to control corn pests while also controlling these pests. To increase seedling resistance, phosphorus fertilizer should be applied as seed fertilizer and plant ash as cover fertilizer at sowing. During seedling growth, apply fertilizer as appropriate according to seedling condition at the same time as fertilizing the corn.

4. Management after emerging from the canopy. After winter soybeans emerge from the canopy, the seedlings are weak, so timely intertillage, hilling, propping up seedlings, and applying clear manure water to promote seedling growth should be carried out to encourage branching and increase plant size. During the flowering and podding stage, aphids, borers, and other pests often occur heavily and should be controlled promptly. In the later growth period, the plants are relatively large and nutrient supply is often insufficient, causing premature senescence, so the supply of the three major nutrients should be appropriately supplemented or foliar fertilizer applied. In addition, if rainfall is abundant, causing sweet potato vines to grow excessively and shade each other with the soybeans, the growth direction of the sweet potato vines should be adjusted so that the soybeans and sweet potatoes do not shade each other.

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