Introduction to the characteristics of the new high-yield soybean germplasm MN413

Origin and breeding process

MN413 new soybean germplasm was developed in 1990 by sexual hybridization using the high-yield line MS8118 (subjected to plasma treatment N50 times, 30Kev) as the female parent and Yudou No. 10, and through bulk population and pedigree selection, it was stabilized in 1997 and named MN413 (Mengning 413). In 1998, it participated in the institute's variety comparison and identification, with an average yield of 239.7 kg per mu, an increase of 18.5% over Zhongdou 19, and in a 0.4-mu propagation field the yield reached 274 kg per mu; in 1999, it participated in multi-location identification trials in the province, with an average yield of 260.3 kg per mu, an increase of 40.7% over Zhongdou 19, with high resistance to lodging, high resistance to mosaic virus disease and soybean cyst nematode, high and stable yield, and wide adaptability.

Results of high-yield cultivation identification

In 2000, a high-yield cultivation experiment with an area of 1.625 mu was conducted at the Mengting Comprehensive Experimental Station. Experts from Nanjing Agricultural University, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anhui Provincial Seed Corporation, and Fuyang Fengle Seed Industry Group and other units conducted field yield measurement on September 8, 2000. The yield measurement adopted three-point sampling, with 8 sq m per point. The yield measurement results were: density 11005.5 plants/mu, 79.59 pods per plant, 162.24 seeds per plant, with 100-seed weight calculated at the low value of 21 g for a normal year, conversion coefficient 0.90, equivalent to an average yield of 322.5 kg per mu. After harvest and threshing on September 16, 2000, the actual total harvested weight was 512 kg, and the actual harvested area was 1.625 mu (length 43 m x width 25.2 m), equivalent to a yield of 315.08 kg per mu, exceeding the national key project yield target of 310 kg per mu for super-high-yield breeding in the Huang-Huai region. Its high-yield appearance is: plant height 85 cm, 4.2 branches, main stem 21 nodes, determinate podding habit, convergent and compact plant type, long elliptical leaves, dark green leaf color, purple flowers, gray pubescence, elliptical seeds, light brown hilum, whole growth period 106 days, thick and sturdy stems, well-developed root system, complete leaf drop, non-shattering pods.

Main cultivation techniques

Achieve early, sufficient, uniform, and strong seedlings. Sow early with water, achieve full emergence in one sowing, thin seedlings and fill gaps 10 days after sowing, use 50 cm + 30 cm wide-narrow rows, plant spacing 15 cm, retain a density of 11000 plants per mu. Focus on reasonable and uniform planting to create a uniform plant population.

Apply heavy basal fertilizer, reasonable topdressing, and skillful foliar fertilizer. Apply basal fertilizer per mu of 30 kg diammonium phosphate, 40 kg calcium superphosphate, 10 kg urea, 15 kg potassium sulfate, and topdress 8 kg urea at early flowering. Skillfully apply potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer at full flowering and podding stage.

Pest control. At the seedling stage, use 40% omethoate emulsifiable concentrate at 800 times dilution, spraying 40 kg per mu to control aphids and bean stem flies twice; at the middle and late growth stages, use 20% fenvalerate plus 20% kuai shaling at 400 times dilution to spray and control bean pod borer, bean hawk moth, and leaf roller.

Prevent lodging. In addition to appropriate sparse planting, at the full flowering stage spray stems and leaves with 20 ml mepiquat chloride per mu diluted in 20 kg water to control excessive growth.

Insights from obtaining high-yield germplasm

Select parents with high-yield mutant genotypes. MN413 was bred using the high-yield mutant strain MS8118 treated with N50 times, 30Kev plasma as a parent. Carefully carry out high-yield plant type selection in hybrid progenies, focusing on three points: well-developed root system; convergent and compact plant type with moderate branching; luxuriant plants with many main stem nodes.

Carefully carry out field cultivation, with the key being to ensure uniform and strong seedlings to create a uniform plant population, to increase fertilizer application and apply heavy basal fertilizer, and to manage growth regulation or plant nutrient translocation.