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Detailed Explanation of Key Management Techniques for Spring Mushrooms of the Button Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus)

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After the autumn mushroom season ends, following overwintering management, the mushrooms that fruit again in spring are known as spring mushrooms. Because they have gone through the autumn fruiting period and the low-temperature winter stage, most of the nutrients in the compost have been consumed, and the compost mycelium has also been affected by low temperatures; therefore, the vitality of the spring mushroom mycelium is relatively weak, and its fruiting capacity is noticeably lower than that of autumn mushrooms. At the same time, spring temperatures change from low to high, and the number of pests and diseases in the environment gradually increases. Therefore, spring mushroom management must, according to the climatic conditions at the time, effectively regulate the three factors of temperature, moisture and air in the mushroom house, and carry out pest and disease control, etc.

After the autumn mushroom season ends, following overwintering management, the mushrooms that fruit again in spring are known as spring mushrooms. Because they have gone through the autumn fruiting period and the low-temperature winter stage, most of the nutrients in the compost have been consumed, and the compost mycelium has also been affected by low temperatures; therefore, the vitality of the spring mushroom mycelium is relatively weak, and its fruiting capacity is noticeably lower than that of autumn mushrooms. At the same time, spring temperatures change from low to high, and the number of pests and diseases in the environment gradually increases. Therefore, spring mushroom management must, according to the climatic conditions at the time, effectively regulate the three factors of temperature, moisture and air in the mushroom house, and carry out pest and disease control, etc., so as to tap the production potential of spring mushrooms and improve economic returns.

(1) Adding soil

Generally around Yushui (February 20), add some soil according to the condition of the mushroom house bed surface, with a soil-adding thickness of about 1 cm.

(2) Moisture

Generally in mid-March, when the temperature in the mushroom house stabilizes at around 10°C, the spring mushroom management stage begins. March is the stage when the mycelium begins to resume growth. At this time, the principle for watering is: according to the mycelial growth on the bed surface and the water content of the casing soil layer, appropriately adjust some water to the casing soil layer to facilitate mycelial growth; water adjustment should be light. In April, the temperature gradually rises, and the temperature is suitable for fruiting; therefore, management work must ensure the moisture needed for fruiting, and the water content of the soil layer should be kept at 80% of the saturated water content of the soil layer. The purpose of water adjustment is to prevent fluctuations in temperature from affecting fruiting on the bed surface. The principle for water adjustment in April is: adjust water in accordance with weather conditions and the moisture needed by the fruiting bodies. In May, the temperature has turned higher, but temperature changes are relatively large, which is not conducive to fruiting, and sometimes the temperature is still below 20°C; therefore, according to temperature conditions, seize the opportunity to fruit as much as possible, and when the temperature is suitable for fruiting, the amount of water used should be somewhat larger; conversely, spray lightly.

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