Heinong 41 (Soybean)
Heinong 41 (Ha 91-6045) was bred by the Soybean Research Institute of the Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences using advanced high-photosynthetic-efficiency breeding technology. In 1987, air-dried seeds of Heinong 33 breeder's stock were treated with 60Co at 8000 roentgens, combination number 87-3, and the variety was developed according to the procedures and methods of soybean high-photosynthetic-efficiency breeding.
Characteristics: Heinong 41 plants are relatively tall, plant height 95-100 cm, plant type convergent, with branching ability, sub-determinate podding habit, pods evenly distributed on upper and lower nodes, white flowers, gray pubescence, lanceolate leaves, many 3- and 4-seeded pods, 100-seed weight 18-20 g, seeds round, seed coat deep yellow, hilum yellow, appearance and quality excellent. Growth period 120-123 days, required active accumulated temperature 2628.8°C, well-developed root system, strong stalks that do not lodge, relatively responsive to fertilizer and water, pods do not shatter, strong stress resistance, moderately resistant to gray leaf spot, relatively resistant to aphids and pod borers, high rate of completely filled seeds. Photosynthetic physiological characteristics good, belongs to the uniform main-stem type, an ideal photosynthetic ecotype variety. In 1992-1994, the average photosynthetic rate at R4 stage was 17.64 micromol (CO2)/(sq m sec), 8% higher than the high-photosynthetic-efficiency germplasm Ha 79-9440, and 20% higher than the standard variety Heinong 37; RuBP carboxylase activity 290.5 micromol (CO2) per gram fresh weight per hour, 12% higher than the standard variety Heinong 37, making it a high-photosynthetic-efficiency variety. This variety has high-yield, stable-yield and high-production performance. From 1996-1998 it participated in the first regional trial of Heilongjiang Province, with an average yield of 2780.46 kg/hectare across 16 sites, 10.2% higher than the standard variety Heinong 37. In 1998 it participated in the production trial, with an average yield of 3143.7 kg/hectare, 11.39% higher than the standard variety Heinong 37. The highest yield in the regional and production trials was 4000 kg/hectare in 1997 at the Acheng Foundation Seed Farm of the province, 17.1% higher than the standard variety Heinong 37. It has a yield potential of over 300 kg per mu. In 1998, in a plot trial at the Crop Research Institute of the **Academy of Land Reclamation Sciences, the yield was 353.91 kg per mu.
This variety belongs to the high-fat type, with fat content of 22.7% and protein content of 37.8%.
Breeder: Soybean Research Institute of the Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Region and technology: Heinong 41 is suitable for the first accumulated temperature zone and the upper limit of the second accumulated temperature zone of Heilongjiang Province. Because its maturity period is 3-5 days earlier than the standard variety Heinong 37, and it is a high-fat, high-yield variety, it can replace Heinong 37 in its planting regions and has relatively broad promotion prospects. Key cultivation points are as follows:
1. Selection of preceding crop and land preparation: Use corn and other preceding crops, and avoid continuous cropping. If a proper preceding crop cannot be selected, give priority to fields with a one-year-return crop, and plant on plots with good basic fertility from the previous crop. Select black soil plots that have been plowed and ridged in summer or autumn, or where stubble has been deep-loosened, and compact the soil well in early spring to preserve moisture and reach a ready-to-sow state. On plots with a foundation of deep plowing and deep loosening, for spring land preparation of corn stubble, carry out stubble mixing, summer ridging and compaction, or in early spring remove the stubble cleanly and level the stubble pits to reach a ready-to-sow state.
2. Scientific fertilization: Apply 1500 kg of high-quality farmyard manure per mu (organic matter content 8%) as base fertilizer, applied all at once in combination with land preparation. For seed fertilizer, apply 7.5-10 kg of diammonium phosphate and 2.5 kg of potassium sulfate per mu, mix the two evenly and place them in the fertilizer box, applying simultaneously with sowing; the seed fertilizer should be applied to the side and deep, 5-7 cm from the seeds.
3. Seed treatment: Use a qualified soybean seed coating agent for seed coating.
4. Sowing (1) Sowing period: Sowing should be completed between April 25 and May 5. Implement clean sowing to ensure sowing quality and ensure uniform, complete, even and vigorous seedlings. (2) Sowing method: Precision dibbling of double rows of "guaizi" seedlings on 70 cm ridges, using a ZBT-II seeder for uniform precision dibbling, with a small row spacing of 10-12 cm between the two rows, or hole sowing on the ridge (hole spacing 15-18 cm, 3-4 plants per hole, using a ZBT-II converted to a corn plate and adjusted). Sowing rate per mu is 4 kg. (3) Sowing density: Adopt the technical approach of medium population, strong individual plants and high harvest index to establish a reasonable population structure. Sowing density 270,000-280,000 plants/hectare, density at podding stage 240,000-250,000 plants/hectare. (4) Intertillage and weeding, irrigation and fertilizer spraying: When soybean seedlings are emerging through the soil, carry out deep loosening of the furrow before hoeing. Implement three hoeings and three cultivations. In early August, pull large weeds once. For chemical weeding, the mixture of acetochlor and chlorimuron-ethyl must be applied after soybean sowing and before emergence, and soil moisture must be well managed to ensure weed control efficacy. If irrigation conditions are available, in the young pod stage of soybean, use water-saving irrigation techniques such as sprinkler irrigation, irrigating once with water to increase flowers and preserve pods; in the early seed-filling stage, irrigate once with water to increase seed weight. At the flowering and podding stages of soybean, spray 50 g of monopotassium phosphate per mu mixed with 25 kg of water. Or use other growth regulators with yield-increasing effects for foliar fertilizer spraying.
5. Pest and disease control: Decide whether to control according to pest and disease forecasts during the soybean growth period. Spray 35 g of omethoate per mu mixed with 30 kg of water for control. For thrips, red spiders and aphids, use dichlorvos fumigation from August 15-20; for pod borers, use 135 g of 8% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate per mu, dip 40 medicine sticks, and insert them evenly distributed in the field. If irrigation conditions are available, in the young pod stage of soybean, use water-saving irrigation techniques such as sprinkler irrigation, irrigating once with water to increase flowers and preserve pods; in the early seed-filling stage, irrigate once with water to increase seed weight. At the flowering and podding stages of soybean, spray 50 g of monopotassium phosphate per mu mixed with 25 kg of water, or use other growth regulators with yield-increasing effects for foliar fertilizer spraying.
6. Timely harvest: Harvest soybean plants when 80%-90% of leaves have fallen, the seeds have returned to the pod, and the pods rattle. Thresh and harvest separately to ensure a high yield and a good harvest.