Detailed Explanation of Key Points for High-Quality and High-Yield Soybean Cultivation Techniques

I. Selection of Improved Varieties

The selection of superior varieties is the core to achieving high quality and high yield. With Qindou No. 8 as the main cultivar, demonstrate and promote Zhonghuang 13, Jindou 23, and Yubian 30.

II. Reasonable Crop Rotation and Formula Fertilization

Soybean is most averse to continuous cropping and back-to-back cropping. For fields with severe disease incidence, switch to other crops, actively promote a reasonable crop rotation system, and reduce the number of years of continuous cropping and back-to-back cropping. According to last year's soil testing survey, the N:P:K ratio in soybean planting fields in our town was 12:1:5, while the N:P:K required by soybean is 14:3:5, indicating a severe deficiency of the P element. Based on a yield of 150 kg of soybean per mu, soybean fertilization should be mainly basal fertilizer. Generally, before sowing, 2000 kg of farmyard manure per mu should be applied in combination with land preparation; at sowing, 17 kg of diammonium phosphate and 10 kg of urea per mu should be applied. During the flowering period, 15 g of ammonium molybdate + 30 g of Sule boron per mu can be mixed with 15-25 L of water for foliar spraying.

III. Timely Sowing and Reasonable Close Planting

The timing of sowing has a very large impact on yield and quality. Timely sowing ensures a high seedling survival rate, neat and robust emergence, good growth, and thick stems. The suitable sowing period in our town is mid-June and before, with about 7.5 kg of seed per mu, and 15,000-20,000 seedlings per mu retained on medium-fertility land. The sowing depth should preferably be 3-5 cm to ensure strong and uniform seedlings.

IV. Field Management

1. Intertillage and weeding, timely thinning. Carry out intertillage and weeding at the 3-4 leaf stage, or use herbicides such as 60 mL of 5% quizalofop-p-ethyl, mixed with 30 kg of water for spraying. Combine with intertillage for one thinning.

2. Pest and disease control. The focus of control is aphids, soybean stem black leafminer, and viral diseases. 15 days before flowering (about early July), use 30 mL of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate per mu, or 15 mL of 2.5% green gongfu emulsifiable concentrate + 60 g of 20% virus A wettable powder per mu, or 45 g of 3.95% virusbike per mu, mixed with 30 kg of water for spraying, with control applied once every 10 days. Apply control 3 times consecutively.

V. Timely Harvest

The soybean harvest season has more rainy weather. During the yellow-ripening stage, harvest and thresh promptly to prevent mold and ensure a bumper harvest.