Detailed Explanation of Mushroom Topdressing Methods and Technical Key Points
During the peak fruiting stage and late growth stage of mushrooms, if the nutrients in the compost are insufficient, deformed mushrooms are easily produced, seriously affecting yield and quality. Timely topdressing can help mushrooms achieve high quality and high yield. When topdressing, alternating organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers gives better results. However, it is advisable to apply frequently in small amounts; generally, 2-3 topdressings can be applied per flush, carried out in conjunction with watering, with 250-500 milliliters per square meter. After fertilizing, spray clean water once to wash off the fertilizer solution on the mushroom bodies, and wait until the water droplets on the mushroom caps have dried before closing doors and windows. This method can avoid the occurrence of yellow spots, mottled spots, and peeled-cap mushrooms. The fertilizer solution should be used immediately after mixing, not left overnight, to prevent spoilage.
Several formulas, concentrations, and application methods are introduced below:
(1) Mushroom stipe water: Take 5 kilograms of fresh mushroom roots, wash them clean, add 15-20 kilograms of water, boil for 15 minutes, take the clear liquid and add water to make 40 kilograms, dilute evenly and spray. This can extend the peak fruiting period and make the fruiting bodies thick and plump.
(2) Soybean milk water: Use 1 kilogram of soybeans that are not moldy or spoiled, soak them and grind into soybean milk, add water to make 50 kilograms, filter out the residue and spray. It can thicken and whiten the mushroom cap surface, make the stipes thick and strong, and increase yield by about 10%, but it should not be used when temperatures are high, to prevent contamination by foreign bacteria.
(3) Carrot juice: Chop 5 kilograms of fresh carrots, add 10 kilograms of water, boil for 30 minutes, filter out the residue and take the juice, add water to make 50 kilograms and spray. It can promote mushroom growth.
(4) Compost leaching liquid: Take 5 kilograms of dry compost, add 50 kilograms of boiling water, cover tightly and let it steep, and after cooling, remove the residue and spray. This solution can extend the peak fruiting period and make the fruiting bodies thick and plump.
(5) Sugar liquid: 1 kilogram of sucrose (0.5 kilograms of glucose powder), add water to make 50 kilograms, dissolve and spray. Use with caution when temperatures are high to avoid contamination by foreign bacteria, and take care to prevent ants after spraying. If 0.5 kilograms of calcium carbonate is added, the effect is even better.
(6) Decomposed human feces and urine (cattle or horse urine also works): Boil human feces and urine until no foam remains, then dilute with 10-20 times water and spray. After spraying, spray once more with clean water.
(7) Peptone and yeast powder liquid: 50 grams of peptone, 35 grams of yeast powder (100 grams of yeast extract), add water to make 50 kilograms, stir evenly and spray. It has the effect of making mushroom bodies thick and plump and promoting the transition to the next flush. It is best used at a room temperature of 14-16°C.
(8) Plant growth stimulant water: Use the plant growth stimulant "Jindu No. 1" powder diluted 1000 times (2 grams per square meter dissolved in 1000 milliliters of water) and spray. Spray once after each flush. The mushrooms become plump and firm, and the fresh-keeping period and number of harvests can be increased, generally increasing yield by 20%-30%.
(9) Urea: Use 150 grams of urea (250 milliliters of ammonia water), add water to make 50 kilograms, dissolve and spray evenly. It can make mushroom bodies thicker.
(10) Disease-resistant nutrient agent: Use a 1:1000 dilution of Lubokang, spray when the fruiting bodies develop to the size of a soybean, then spray once every 5-7 days thereafter. It can not only avoid the occurrence of deformed mushrooms and other physiological diseases, but also increase yield by 20%-30%.