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Detailed Explanation of Key Soybean Cultivation Techniques for Increasing Yield

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1. The ecotype of soybean varieties should be appropriately selected according to the natural conditions of the local soybean production area. Soybean podding habit can be divided into 3 types: indeterminate, determinate and semi-determinate. Lao Zhao is located in Zhumadian, which belongs to the Yangtze River Basin spring and summer soybean zone, with a summer crop of 120—150 days. In this region, varieties with determinate podding habit should mainly be selected for planting, though indeterminate podding varieties may also have been chosen, which would lead to the above phenomenon. Therefore, attention should be paid to variety selection, especially in areas with relatively high soil fertility and abundant rainfall.

1. The ecotype of soybean varieties should be appropriately selected according to the natural conditions of the local soybean production area. Soybean podding habit can be divided into 3 types: indeterminate, determinate and semi-determinate. Lao Zhao is located in Zhumadian, which belongs to the Yangtze River Basin spring and summer soybean zone, with a summer crop of 120—150 days. In this region, varieties with determinate podding habit should mainly be selected for planting, though indeterminate podding varieties may also have been chosen, which would lead to the above phenomenon. Therefore, attention should be paid to variety selection, especially in areas with relatively high soil fertility and abundant rainfall, where determinate podding varieties are suitable for planting.

2. In the fertilization of soybeans in this case, there is a problem of biased application and excessive application of urea. However, soybean has comprehensive requirements for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrition. Especially in high-yield and high-efficiency production, the plants need to provide relevant nutritional conditions for rhizobia, such as phosphorus, potassium, calcium, iron and molybdenum. At the same time, sufficient potassium can promote the transport of soybean photosynthetic products to rhizobia; phosphorus plays multiple roles in the nodulation process, such as promoting root growth and nodule formation, and can also promote the transfer of nitrogen fixed by nodules to the aboveground parts.

Therefore, when soil phosphorus supply is insufficient, applying phosphate fertilizer can not only increase soybean yield, but also improve soybean quality. Especially in the first 48 days of soybean growth, phosphorus accumulation exceeds nitrogen, and the demand for phosphorus is more urgent; the peak of soybean potassium uptake is at the podding stage. For soybean, superphosphate is the best phosphate fertilizer, with a dosage of 20—40 kg per mu. It is suitable to apply it as base fertilizer and seed fertilizer.

On the other hand, the nitrogen nutrition level of soybean plants should not be too high. In soybean production, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer generally should not exceed 5 kg of pure nitrogen per mu, and nitrogen fertilizer only needs to be applied as base fertilizer. In short, the adjustment of fertilization in this case should be to reduce nitrogen, increase phosphorus and apply potassium according to the soil.

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