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Key Technical Points for Field Management of Soybeans in the Mid-to-Late Growth Stages

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I. Management During the Flowering and Podding Stage During the flowering and podding stage, the main management tasks are to strive for more flowers, early flowers, uniform flowers, increased flowers, and increased pods, and to prevent flower and pod drop. Management should be based on observing the plants, combining preservation and control; for high-yield fields, control should be the main approach, avoiding premature canopy closure and shading, so that maximum leaf area is reached at the end of flowering. Specific measures: continue hoeing weeds before canopy closure, and apply irrigation and fertilizer as appropriate based on plant condition; at the early flowering stage, fertilizer should be applied to weak plants, but not to vigorous plants to prevent excessive vegetative growth. Applying phosphate fertilizer during the flowering and podding stage has an obvious effect; during this period, soybean leaf area reaches its maximum, water consumption increases, and both transpiration intensity and water demand

I. Management During the Flowering and Podding Stage During the flowering and podding stage, the main management tasks are to strive for more flowers, early flowers, uniform flowers, increased flowers, and increased pods, and to prevent flower and pod drop. Management should be based on observing the plants, combining preservation and control; for high-yield fields, control should be the main approach, avoiding premature canopy closure and shading, so that maximum leaf area is reached at the end of flowering. Specific measures: continue hoeing weeds before canopy closure, and apply irrigation and fertilizer as appropriate based on plant condition; at the early flowering stage, fertilizer should be applied to weak plants, but not to vigorous plants to prevent excessive vegetative growth. Applying phosphate fertilizer during the flowering and podding stage has an obvious effect; during this period, soybean leaf area reaches its maximum, water consumption increases, and both transpiration intensity and water demand reach their peak. When the leaves turn dark green and wilt at noon, water should be applied promptly; otherwise, flowers and pods are prone to drop. At the end of full flowering, pinching off the growing tip (removing the top 6 cm) can prevent lodging and encourage more nutrients to be supplied to flowers and pods. However, this is not suitable for soybean varieties with determinate podding habit or for soybeans grown in poor, thin soil.

II. Management During the Seed-Filling and Maturity Stage The seed-filling and maturity stage is the period when soybeans accumulate the most dry matter. The main management tasks during this period are to promote the transfer of nutrients to the seeds, promote full seed filling and increase seed weight, and promote timely early maturity of soybeans. Water shortage during this period will increase the number of shriveled pods and shriveled seeds and reduce 100-seed weight. If drought occurs without rain, water should be applied promptly; using water to support seed filling has a clear effect on improving soybean yield and quality.

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