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Key Technical Points for the Prevention and Control of the "Three Pests and One Disease" of Mushrooms

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The "three pests and one disease" of mushrooms are: mites, springtails, mushroom gnats and harmful Mycogone perniciosa. The damage characteristics and control methods of these pests and diseases are described below. I. Damage symptoms of mites During the spawn-running process, if mycelial decline is observed, such as a decrease in fluffy mycelium and an increase in stranded mycelium, and pinkish shiny spots are seen on the mycelial surface, then mite heads have appeared on the mushroom bed. When 3~5 mites are present within the area viewed under a magnifying glass, the control threshold has been reached. After casing soil is applied, mites will move along with the mycelium growing toward the soil surface and move with the soil surface,

The "three pests and one disease" of mushrooms are: mites, springtails, mushroom gnats and harmful Mycogone perniciosa. The damage characteristics and control methods of these pests and diseases are described below.

I. Damage symptoms of mites

During the spawn-running process, if mycelial decline is observed, such as a decrease in fluffy mycelium and an increase in stranded mycelium, and pinkish shiny spots are seen on the mycelial surface, then mite heads have appeared on the mushroom bed. When 3~5 mites are present within the area viewed under a magnifying glass, the control threshold has been reached. After casing soil is applied, mites will move along with the mycelium growing toward the soil surface and move with the soil surface, concentrating on the primordia and the base of the mushroom stipes to feed, often causing the roots to become bare, with no mycorrhizae, so that nutrients cannot be transported and the mushrooms shrink and die. At the same time, mites transmit pathogens and viruses; in mushroom houses with severe mite infestations, various diseases are also more severe.

II. Damage symptoms of springtails

Springtails are omnivorous insects. In mushrooms cultivated in open fields and greenhouses, springtails are relatively numerous. Common species include the grayish-white Onychiurus springtail and the tiny black-horned springtail. Springtails feed on both mycelium and mushroom fruiting bodies, often gathering in the gills or on the caps, biting the fruiting bodies into a mass of holes, causing the fruiting bodies to dry out, shrink and die. The black-horned springtail in particular has a tiny body and a high population density, and can very easily cause devastating disasters.

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