What are the control methods for physiological diseases of mushrooms?

Hard opening of the cap: When mushrooms encounter abnormal weather, the phenomenon of young fruiting bodies opening their caps prematurely is called hard opening of the cap. It generally occurs at temperatures above 18°C, with a temperature difference of about 10°C, or under sudden temperature drops. Insulation work should be done well before sudden temperature changes, and the relative air humidity in the mushroom house should be increased.

Malformed mushrooms: The causes of formation are uneven thickness of the casing soil, low fruiting position, and carbon dioxide content in the mushroom house exceeding 0.3%; or they are caused by pesticide damage, diseases, and insect pests. Attention should be paid to the quality of the casing soil and ventilation, preventing harmful gases from entering the mushroom house; attention should be paid to the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests.

Thin-skinned mushrooms: They can occur throughout the entire fruiting stage, mainly caused by excessively high or low temperatures in the mushroom house or excessive ventilation on the bed surface. During high temperatures, ventilation should be strengthened to remove humid air from the mushroom house; during low temperatures or strong winds, the mushroom house should be kept warm and humid.

Landmine mushrooms: The fruiting bodies grow inside the compost or below the casing soil, and the mushroom shape is not round and neat. Such mushrooms are of poor quality and fruit sparsely. The causes are that the compost is too wet; soil is mixed into the compost; excessive ventilation in the mushroom house, relatively low temperature, and too late casing soil, etc., resulting in premature fruiting and too low a fruiting position. The compost must not be too wet or mixed with mud clumps; the mushroom house should be properly ventilated; after watering the coarse soil, ventilation should be reduced, and the relative air humidity should be maintained at about 85% to promote the mycelium to grow toward the surface of the coarse soil; fine soil should be applied when the small mushroom buds have not yet formed, creating conditions for the mycelium to continue growing into the fine soil layer and preventing premature fruiting.

Red root and rust spots: It occurs in the late fruiting stage, when the temperature is low, water evaporation is low, mycelial vitality is poor, water absorption capacity is relatively weak, and fruiting is slow. If too much water is sprayed or the climate changes suddenly, and the acidity inside the compost is high, this disease will occur. Attention should be paid to proper watering, and when the acidity inside the compost is relatively high, lime water should be used promptly to adjust the pH value.