Detailed Explanation of Key Technical Points for Narrow-Row Dense Planting Cultivation of Soybean

Reducing row spacing and increasing row number, that is, narrow-row dense planting, is one of the effective ways to increase soybean yield. This cultivation method is divided into three forms: first, wide-ridge narrow-row dense planting, which is a wide-bed narrow-row dense planting cultivation method that combines the original two ridges into one ridge or one and a half ridges into one ridge. The wide ridge width is 97.5-140 cm, 4-6 rows are sown on the ridge, and the seedling stand per hectare is 400,000-500,000 plants. At present, 70 cm ridge cultivation in production can generally increase yield by about 20%. This cultivation technique is suitable for use by farmers in townships in the central-southern and eastern low-lying, wet, and waterlogged areas with relatively high productivity levels. Second, small-ridge narrow-row dense planting, which is double-row sowing on 45 cm small ridges, equivalent to sowing on ridges in wide-narrow rows with a row spacing of 22.5 cm. Third, flat-cultivation narrow-row dense planting refers to narrow-row dense planting cultivation with flat sowing and flat management, flat throughout, using dwarf or semi-dwarf varieties with strong stalks that do not lodge. The row spacing is 15-30 cm, and the number of seedlings per hectare is 400,000-650,000 plants, increasing yield by more than 25% compared with the currently promoted 70 cm ridge cultivation. Reasons for increased yield

(1) Reasonably arrange the population and make full use of light energy.

(2) It is conducive to giving play to the role of machinery. In particular, small-ridge narrow rows and flat-cultivation narrow rows can achieve full mechanization throughout the entire production process.

(3) Preserve soil moisture and ensure seedlings. Soybeans planted in narrow rows generally require plowing and land preparation. Under good plowing and land preparation conditions, the soil moisture is relatively good, which can make sowing depth uniform, seeding even, and soil covering thickness consistent, so that not only do seedlings emerge quickly, but the seedlings also emerge uniformly and completely. Key technical points

(1) Plow, harrow, and level the land. Fine plowing and land preparation are key measures for doing a good job in narrow-row dense planting. Whether to plow when planting soybeans should be determined according to the previous crop and the rotation system. Soybeans planted after @#@245@#@ and corn miscellaneous grain stubble must undergo summer plowing or autumn plowing, deep loosening, and rotary tillage, and must be harrowed level and harrowed fine.

(2) Select dwarf and semi-dwarf varieties with strong stalks and few branches. The narrow-row dense planting cultivation method for soybean has relatively strict requirements for varieties. First, attention must be paid to selecting varieties with strong stalks that do not lodge, dense pod setting, and high yield performance. Second, the branching habit should be weak, the main stem should be well developed, and only with good ventilation and light transmission conditions can it resist lodging.

(3) Select suitable density and give play to the population's yield-increasing potential. The robust growth and development of soybean plants are affected by population size. Under narrow-row cultivation conditions, the population can be reasonably arranged appropriately. However, with different degrees of dense planting, yield performance is inconsistent. In particular, after narrow-row planting, appropriately increasing density somewhat (generally by 10%-20%) directly expands the green area, gives play to the advantages of narrow-row planting, and promotes the accumulation of photosynthetic products. However, density is affected by many factors. Generally, under good production conditions, fertile soil, flat terrain, and especially sufficient water and fertilizer, plants grow luxuriantly, so they should be planted somewhat sparsely; otherwise, somewhat densely. According to surveys, densities also differ among different dense planting methods. Generally, for wide-ridge narrow-row dense planting, the ridge width is 97.5-140 cm, 4-6 rows are sown, 445,000 seeds are sown per hectare, and the seedling stand per hectare is 350,000-450,000 plants. Small-ridge narrow-row dense planting: ridge width 45 cm, 2 rows are sown, 445,000 seeds are sown per hectare, and the seedling stand per hectare is 350,000-400,000 plants. Parallel narrow-row dense planting: generally 30 cm is used, 445,000 seeds are sown per hectare, and the seedling stand per hectare is 350,000-400,000 plants.

(4) Select suitable sowing machinery. For wide-ridge narrow-row dense planting, use the 2BKM 1B soybean wide-ridge narrow-row seeder. For small-ridge narrow-row dense planting, use the soybean narrow-row seeder produced by the Hailun City Agricultural Machinery Factory. For flat-cultivation narrow-row dense planting, use the 5300 model seeder or 24-row seeder produced by the American Case company.

(5) Use herbicides well. The narrow-row dense planting cultivation method is not very convenient for people, livestock, and field management operations, and some do not have ridge shapes. Herbicides are widely used, and all localities must strictly apply them according to the herbicide instructions.