Detailed Explanation of Key Techniques for Staged Sowing of Soybeans

Staged sowing can stagger the harvest period of fresh soybeans from that of corn, which helps extend the supply period, expand market capacity, and avoid the phenomenon of @#@125@#@ being overly abundant due to large-scale concentrated market entry, where large volume leads to low prices and increased production without increased income. It can also alleviate the labor conflict during the busy farming season to a certain extent. To do a good job in staged sowing, the key is to achieve the following four points.

1. Observe local market conditions

When growing fresh soybeans and corn, high yield is not the goal; high efficiency is what matters. "Rare things are precious," and market prices are always inversely proportional to their market supply. Therefore, according to market conditions, the sowing period should be staggered as much as possible to extend the market supply period. Apart from unified purchasing by factories and enterprises and contract farming, large-scale sowing over wide areas at the same time should be avoided as much as possible.

2. Observe the grower's facility conditions

Generally speaking, the earlier the cultivation in early spring, the higher the income. However, the sowing period for early-promoting cultivation depends on the quality of the heat preservation facilities. Sowing before mid-February requires greenhouse cultivation; from mid-February to early March, small arched shed cultivation can be used; from mid-March to the end of March, plastic film mulching cultivation can be used; after early April, open-field cultivation can be used.

3. Observe local climate conditions

Generally speaking, soybeans and spring corn can be sown when the temperature is stable above 10°C. However, because corn seeds are not tolerant of low temperatures during germination, the earliest sowing period generally must begin when the temperature steadily passes 12°C, and the latest sowing period must also ensure that the temperature during the harvest period is above 18°C. The suitable initial sowing period in our city is late March. Sowing too early requires heat preservation measures to prevent seed and sprout rot. At the same time, do not sow too late, and avoid as much as possible high-temperature and drought weather during the grain-filling and maturation stage, which can cause high-temperature forced ripening and difficulty in grain filling. For summer soybeans and summer corn, attention should be paid to avoiding high-temperature and drought weather during the flowering period as much as possible; otherwise, it is easy to cause soybean flower and pod drop and corn empty stalks. For delayed autumn cultivation, attention should be paid to appropriately delaying the sowing period. Without later-stage heat preservation measures, sowing too late makes it susceptible to low autumn temperatures, making grain filling and seed setting difficult, or even making harvest impossible.

4. Do a good job in variety matching

Selecting different varieties according to different planting methods and planting seasons is the only way to achieve high yield and high efficiency. Soybean is a short-day crop and is sensitive to day length. Spring soybeans, summer soybeans, and autumn soybeans all have their own requirements for day length. Therefore, do not confuse the planting of various types of soybeans, especially do not plant autumn soybeans as spring soybeans. Spring-sown soybeans should also be selected according to different cultivation measures. For early-promoting cultivation using greenhouses, small arched sheds, etc., varieties with a growth period of no more than 75 days and good cold tolerance should be selected, such as Yindou 9701, etc., to maximize the early-promoting advantages of facility cultivation. For intercropping and relay intercropping, early-maturing varieties should also be selected, preferably with a growth period of no more than 80 days, to help shorten the symbiotic period of crops and reduce adverse effects between different crops. For plastic film mulching and conventional cultivation, it can be comprehensively determined according to the previous crop, harvest time arrangement, etc., but the growth period should not exceed 95 days. Of course, by selecting varieties with different maturity periods and sowing them at the same time, the effect of staggering the harvest period can also be achieved. Corn is not sensitive to day length, so the same variety can be planted in spring, summer, and autumn, which is very conducive to staged and batch sowing. Varieties are mainly selected according to different cultivation conditions and consumption habits.