Detailed Explanation of High-Yield Soybean Cultivation Technical Specifications

Soybean is a major oil crop in our province. Developing soybean production is of great significance for improving people's food composition, developing animal husbandry, and improving soil fertility through crop rotation. From the actual situation of our province, soybean production mainly relies on increasing per-unit yield to increase total output. To achieve the target of over 200 kg per mu, it is necessary to liberate soybean from corn fields, because intercropping and mixed cropping of soybean with corn is one of the reasons for the low per-unit yield of soybean in our province, so clean planting of entire fields should be promoted; second, actively promote high-yield cultivation techniques centered on equidistant sowing, with increased application of farmyard manure and phosphate fertilizer as the foundation; third, according to different ecological conditions, select high-yield, high-quality new varieties of different ecotypes. To achieve the target of over 200 kg per mu for soybean, the key points of its cultivation technical specifications are:

I. Selection of High-Yield New Varieties

Varieties should be selected according to local ecological conditions. For example, Tiefeng No. 24 has great yield-increasing potential in plain areas, while in the western arid regions, planting Tie 7009 is relatively drought-resistant and high-yielding. At present, the new soybean varieties promoted in our province include: Liaodou No. 1, Tiefeng No. 24, No. 27, and Xin No. 1. These varieties all have a yield potential of 250-275 kg per mu, with wide adaptability, and can be planted in mountainous areas, plains, and low-lying lands.

II. Emphasis on and Rational Fertilization

To achieve high soybean yields, select plots with flat terrain, irrigation conditions, high organic matter content, and fertile soil, and avoid continuous cropping and successive cropping. Emphasis should be placed on applying about 2000-2500 kg of high-quality farmyard manure, combined with chemical fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Generally, apply 10-15 kg of urea, 10-15 kg of diammonium phosphate, and 10-12 kg of potassium sulfate per mu. Farmyard manure and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be applied as base fertilizer during early spring land preparation and ridging, while nitrogen fertilizer should be applied as topdressing before flowering or at the early flowering stage. Soybean-specific fertilizer can also be used for seed dressing. Use 0.5 kg of soybean-specific fertilizer per mu of seed for seed dressing. When applying, first mix the fertilizer with water into a thin paste, then pour it onto the seeds so that all seeds are coated with fertilizer, and sow after slightly drying.

III. Fine Sowing and Rational Seedling Retention

Adopt equidistant hand-placed hill sowing or mechanical equidistant dibbling. Keep about 10,000 plants per mu, varying with different varieties. For example, Tiefeng No. 27 should retain 0.8-1.0 million plants per mu, and Xindou No. 1 should retain 1.1-1.3 million plants per mu. Seeds must be carefully selected, with purity higher than 98%, and the sowing rate is about 3.5 kg per mu.

Sow in early May so that the soybean flowering period coincides with the rainy season, which is beneficial to pod development. Generally, the ridge spacing is 53 cm, the hill spacing is 10 cm, and 11,450 plants per mu are retained. Adopt the method of dibbling in furrows, placing 2 seeds per hill, covering with about 3 cm of soil, with uniform depth. Press the soil promptly after sowing to ensure full seedlings with a single sowing.

IV. Early Prospecting and Mid-Stage Promotion, Strengthening Management

About 7 days after sowing, when the seeds have just settled, carry out the first hoeing to remove weeds, plow the windbreak furrows, loosen the soil to raise temperature, and promote early seedling development. When the seedlings grow to two true leaves and one compound leaf, thin the seedlings, leaving a single plant per hill, filling gaps with borrowed seedlings, creating good nutritional and environmental conditions for individual plant growth, playing a role in controlling excessive growth. In the late branching stage, ensure three hoeings and four plowings, pull one round of large weeds, keep the soil loose and free of weeds.

During the pod-setting and seed-filling stage, ensure water supply. The moisture content of the plow layer should reach over 40%. If drought occurs, irrigation is needed. In the late growth stage, according to plant growth conditions, supplemental spraying of 5% superphosphate and 0.5% potassium sulfate solution can be applied to promote seed filling, increase grain weight, prevent lodging, and promote early maturity.

V. Timely Prevention and Control of Pests and Diseases

In mid-June, spray 800 times diluted Dongguo solution to control aphids.

In mid-July, apply phorate toxic soil to control aphids and red spiders, using 2 kg of pesticide per mu, mixed with 15 kg of fine sandy soil.

Before mid-August, use phorate or dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate to make "slow-release cards" to control soybean pod borer, ensuring soybean yield and quality.