How to Grow Soybeans for High Yield? Detailed Explanation of Key Cultivation Techniques

I. Crop rotation selection: Choose level, low-lying land with good drainage, where the previous crop received adequate fertilizer and the soil is fertile - @#@245@#@, corn, potatoes, and melon or vegetable plots are best. Do not plant after continuous cropping or after sunflowers; compared with proper rotation, yield will decrease by 21.3%.

II. Land preparation and fertilization: Autumn plowing, land preparation, and fertilization are best, as this helps preserve soil moisture and freeze insect eggs to death. If preparing land in spring, it must be done during the thawing period. When preparing the land, according to soil fertility, generally apply more than 2 cubic meters of high-quality farmyard manure per mu, 10Kg of diammonium phosphate, and 5Kg of potassium sulfate, mix evenly, and apply before ridging as base fertilizer.

III. Seed dressing with chemicals: To control underground pests, use 0.5Kg of 50% phoxim to dress 200Kg of seed, mix well, then cover and let sit for 4 hours; sow after drying in the shade. Where conditions permit, seeds can be coated. Each area should proceed according to local pest conditions: to mainly prevent white grubs, use seed coating agent No. 4; to mainly prevent root maggots, use seed coating agent No. 13. Usually 1Kg of chemical is added to 75Kg of seed, mixed evenly, and dried in the shade before sowing. To control soybean root rot, use 50% thiram or 50% carbendazim-thiram mixture for seed dressing, with the dosage at 0.3% of the seed weight.

IV. Timely sowing:

1. Sowing time: Begin sowing when the soil temperature steadily passes 7-8 degrees Celsius. Each region should decide according to the climate conditions at the time. In the first accumulated temperature zone, sowing should preferably be completed before May 8; in the second accumulated temperature zone, it should be completed before May 10; other areas should adapt to local conditions.

2. Sowing method: Sow early and shallow at the proper time. Early sowing helps early emergence and rapid growth; shallow sowing helps reduce root diseases, with sowing depth controlled at 2-3 cm. Do not sow too deep, to prevent seed and root rot and to avoid affecting seedling retention and strong seedlings. This variety is not suitable for dense planting; be sure to plant reasonably sparsely, with precision dibbling or manual planting. The seeding rate per mu is 3.5Kg, following a ratio of 10 plants per 1 m, with a hill spacing of 20 cm (6 cun), and 2 seeds per hill on the ridge. Keep 10,000 seedlings per mu, with 9,000 plants at harvest. (After the seedlings have fully emerged, conduct a field inspection and replant gaps.)

V. Hoeing and ridging management: Before hoeing, plow one furrow; subsoiling releases cold and increases temperature, controls weeds, and loosens the soil. Manual hoeing should be done at the 4-6 leaf stage; hoe early and hoe small, strictly preventing weeds from competing with seedlings for fertilizer, water, and light. Before flowering, plow the second pass to close the ridge and stabilize the roots.

VI. Foliar fertilization: To meet the nutrient needs of soybeans at each growth stage, foliar fertilization should be carried out at the seedling stage, flowering stage, and pod-filling stage respectively, which can increase yield by more than 20%. Never use urea for root topdressing, because soybeans have their own nitrogen-fixing ability; therefore, topdressing with urea will not only cause unnecessary waste but also damage the fibrous roots and reduce yield.

1. Seedling stage: Use 25g of yield-increasing hormone per mu, diluted in 15Kg of water, for foliar spraying.

2. At the early flowering stage, full flowering stage, and pod-filling stage, use 50g of yield-increasing hormone per mu diluted in 15Kg of water, spraying once at each stage. (Also conduct a field inspection at each stage and pull out and remove all large weeds.)

Spraying the yield-increasing hormone is best done after the morning dew has disappeared or after 3 p.m., choosing a windless, sunny day; the effect is best if it does not rain for two to three days after spraying.

VII. Pest and disease control:

1. Controlling underground pests: In addition to treating seeds with chemicals, apply 2.5Kg of 5% phorate granules per mu mixed with diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate into the base fertilizer, which can control underground pests such as white grubs, wireworms, mole crickets, and soybean nematodes.

2. Controlling underground rodent damage: When soybean seedlings are just breaking through the soil, promptly control magpies and rodent damage. Use 10g of decis, 10g of phoxim per mu, diluted in 500g of water, to soak 500g of corn grits. Take them out after 24 hours and scatter them in the soybean field before sunset.

3. Controlling aphids, red spiders, and pod borers: If aphids or red spiders occur, spray with dimethoate. If moths are found during the soybean flowering stage (around August 5-15), use 5g of decis per mu diluted in 15Kg of water; one spraying can control them.