High-yield cultivation techniques and conditions for Agaricus bisporus in paddy fields
Among cultivated edible mushrooms, the button mushroom has the largest cultivation area and the highest yield. The button mushroom is a general term for several edible fungi of the genus Agaricus. Currently, two species are mainly used in production: Agaricus bisporus and Agaricus bitorquis, with Agaricus bisporus having the largest cultivation area.
Agaricus bisporus (also known as white mushroom, button mushroom, or cultivated mushroom) has three strains: brown, cream, and white, among which the white Agaricus bisporus has better economic value. In terms of cultivation methods, it is divided into mushroom house cultivation, greenhouse cultivation, and open-field paddy cultivation (also known as "field mushroom"). Growers can adopt suitable cultivation methods according to their production habits, available funds, and technical level.
As one of the well-known edible mushroom production bases in our province, Chongzhou City (with a year-round edible mushroom planting area of 15,000 mu, of which 12,900 mu is field mushroom) has relevant scientific and technical personnel who have summarized rich experience in open-field paddy cultivation of Agaricus bisporus. To this end, today we have specially invited Liu Fuhuai, Deputy Director of the Agricultural Technology Center of the Chongzhou City Rural Development Bureau, and agronomist Yu Fengqing, based on their years of work and production practice, to introduce to farmer friends ---
Agaricus bisporus is a straw-rotting fungus with a typical fruiting body morphology, and its culture substrate is mainly based on wheat straw and rice straw.
I. Cultivation condition requirements
In actual production, as long as the conditions of nutrients, temperature, moisture, relative air humidity, pH, and light for the growth and development of Agaricus bisporus are met to the greatest extent, high yield can be obtained.
Nutrients: As long as the culture material is composted according to technical requirements and appropriate supplementary fertilization is applied during the corresponding growth periods, the nutritional conditions required for its growth and development can basically be met.
Temperature: Mycelium can grow at 5-32°C, with the optimum temperature being 16-25°C; it stops growing at 33°C, and the lethal upper limit high temperature is 36°C. The fruiting body growth temperature is 4-32°C, with the optimum temperature being 10-18°C; 25°C is the lethal temperature, and below 8°C growth is slow, but the mushroom quality is good.
Moisture: The optimal moisture content of the culture material is 60-65%, which can be met simply by composting the material properly; the soil moisture content is 20-23%, which is suitable when it can be squeezed flat without sticking to the hand. It should be on the wetter side during the fruiting period and on the drier side at ordinary times.
Relative air humidity: Maintain natural humidity at ordinary times, and control air humidity at 85-95% during the fruiting period.
pH value: Mycelium can grow at pH 6-8, with pH 6.8-7.2, i.e., a neutral environment, being the best; the optimal pH for fruiting body formation is 6.7-6.9.
Light: Mushrooms are suitable for no light or weak scattered light, and strong light and direct sunlight should be avoided.