How to Cultivate Mushrooms in Winter Fallow Fields? Detailed Technical Points

Using winter fallow fields to cultivate mushrooms is a good way to increase income. At the same time, it helps to build soil fertility and increase grain yields. The technical points are:

1. Material preparation.

For every 100 sq m cultivated, prepare 1250 kg of rice straw, 1750 kg of cow manure, 45 kg of peanut bran (select well-composted), 15 kg of urea, 40 kg of lime, 25 kg of superphosphate, and 25 kg of gypsum.

2. Pile composting and fermentation.

Generally, start piling the material 1 month before sowing, that is, around early October, and the composting period is about 1 month, during which it needs to be turned 5 times. On the last turning, mix in 0.1% carbendazim powder, and spray a 500-fold dichlorvos aqueous solution on the surface and around the pile, then cover with plastic film to seal it for insect killing and sterilization. After composting, the culture material is generally required to have no manure odor, have a grassy aroma, with the straw showing a coffee color, soft and easily broken, manure and straw evenly mixed, loose and fine without clumps, evenly decomposed, with a moisture content between 60-80% (water seeps from the finger gaps when squeezed by hand), and a pH of 7-7.5.

3. Site selection and bed making.

For cultivating mushrooms in winter fallow fields, choose rice fields that are sheltered from the wind, face the sun, and drain easily. Before harvesting the late rice, dig deep ditches around the rice field and drain the water. After harvesting the late rice, remove the rice stubble and dig flat-field beds 1.2 m wide. The ditch soil can be broken up and spread on the bed surface, and finally rake it into a slightly turtle-back-shaped bed surface.

4. Laying the material.

Before laying the compost on the ground, first disinfect the soil, cover with a thin layer of soil, then evenly spread the compost on the bed surface. When spreading the material, leave 16 cm on each side near the ditches without compost. Inoculate after 24 hours, using 1320 bottles of spawn per mu. Dig holes in a plum-blossom pattern for inoculation, with a hole spacing of 7-10 cm. After sowing, sprinkle a thin layer of fine material to cover the spawn. Then set up supports 33 cm above the bed surface, cover with plastic film, and shade with straw curtains on top.

5. Management.

(1) Within 3-4 days after inoculation, lift the film at both ends of the bed in the morning and evening for ventilation, 1-2 hours each time. After one week, if the weather is dry and the pile surface is dry and white due to lack of water, spray an appropriate amount of water.

(2) 12 days after inoculation, when the mycelium has spread and expanded, carry out casing soil. After 3 days, spray 2% lime water, 0.9 kg per sq m, spraying twice a day for 2 consecutive days.

(3) If continuous low temperatures occur, lift the straw curtains at noon and expose them to the sun for 1-2 hours to raise the temperature inside the film; if the temperature suddenly rises, open the film during the day to release heat, and cover only with straw curtains for shade.

(4) Generally, mushrooms begin to appear 1 month after sowing. When fruiting, 1.5 kg of potassium chloride mixed with 150 kg of water can be sprayed per mu to promote firm mushrooms.

(5) After harvesting 2-3 flushes of mushrooms, the acidity of the culture material increases, which can affect mushroom formation and lead to pests and diseases. Use 1 kg of boiled, sterilized, and cooled cow urine, add 6 kg of clean water to make cow urine with a pH of 8, and spray it after each flush of mushrooms is harvested to neutralize the acidity and improve yield and quality.