Detailed Explanation of Disease and Pest Control Techniques for Edible Fungi

The environmental conditions for the growth and development of edible fungi are often also suitable for the growth of various diseases and pests. In the practice of edible fungus cultivation, relying solely on chemical control cannot solve the problem; comprehensive control measures focusing on prevention must be adopted to keep diseases and pests under control before they emerge.

1. Cultivation control. Advanced cultivation measures should be adopted, scientific management should be carried out, and the requirements of edible fungi for temperature, humidity, nutrients, air, light, etc. should be met as much as possible. Within the effective cultivation period, strive for early, sufficient, and healthy mycelial growth to lay a solid foundation for early fruiting and large mushrooms. After fruiting begins, regulate temperature, humidity, and air well, and carry out management centered on making the mushrooms robust, so as to reduce the harm caused by diseases and pests.

2. Chemical control. ① Do a good job of environmental sanitation. The cultivation site should be far from sources of disease and pest transmission such as warehouses, feed rooms, and chicken sheds. In addition to washing the cultivation site clean with clear water, it should also be sprayed on all four walls and the ground with a 10% concentration limewater. One day before inoculation, close doors and windows and fumigate with 40% formaldehyde; spray the outer walls around the culture room with a 0.5% dichlorvos solution to repel insects. ② Disinfect bed frames and tools with chemicals. The bed frames and tools used for cultivating edible fungi should all undergo strict chemical disinfection. They can be washed with a 1% potassium permanganate solution or spray-disinfected with a 3%--4% carbolic acid solution. ③ Disinfect the culture material. When cultivating with raw material, add 0.3% carbendazim to inhibit mold. The composting site should first be washed clean with water, then sprayed with a 0.5% dichlorvos solution or a 3%--4% carbolic acid solution, etc., to prevent the occurrence of diseases and pests. ④ Carry out thorough disinfection after mushroom harvesting is completed. After edible fungus cultivation is finished, the mushroom house, mushroom beds, and other tools should undergo a thorough disinfection. In addition to chemical disinfection, if conditions permit, they can be soaked and washed with 70°C warm water to kill fungi, nematodes, mites, and other diseases and pests.