Technical method for three-dimensional cultivation of edible fungi using pure crop straw

For a long time, the culture medium for edible fungus production in China has been mainly wood chips and cottonseed hulls. Excessive logging of timber has caused a shortage of forest resources; and cottonseed hulls, because of their wide range of uses and large consumption, have remained high in price. As a result, the prices of raw materials used for cultivating edible fungi have risen substantially, increasing costs. In this way, those who manage poorly often end up with poor returns, or even losses. In response to this situation, the vast number of edible fungus workers in China, after years of exploration, finally chose to use crop straw for edible fungus cultivation. At that time, the methods used were crushed bag cultivation and fermented-material raised-bed field cultivation. The former has a cumbersome process, while the latter occupies a large area, and the mushrooms carry soil, have poor quality and give unsatisfactory returns. In order to seek a more effective straw cultivation process, Mr. Liang Renjun, based on many years of practical experience and combining the characteristics of various edible fungus cultivation processes in northern and southern China, creatively used straw (rice straw, wheat straw, etc.) without cutting or crushing, without special equipment, without building racks, and without adding any auxiliary materials, to cultivate oyster mushroom, Phoenix mushroom, small shiitake mushroom, straw mushroom and shaggy ink cap mushroom (shaggy ink cap mushroom requires bed racks) and other edible fungi in three dimensions. It can be cultivated both indoors and outdoors, and outdoor cultivation does not require building a shed, saving labor and materials. With this method, every 10,000 kg of material (occupying only 200 sq m) can produce 15,000-20,000 kg of oyster mushroom, Phoenix mushroom and small shiitake mushroom, 10,000 kg of shaggy ink cap mushroom, and 4,000 kg of straw mushroom (3-4 times that of traditional methods). This unique cultivation and three-dimensional fruiting method is more suitable for the requirements of side-fruiting mushrooms, making the caps complete and attractive, and solving the shortcoming of outdoor field soil-casing mushrooms carrying soil. It also tastes good, is more popular with consumers, and is suitable for processing salted mushrooms for export. At present, this technology has applied for a patent with the State Intellectual Property Office (patent application number: 0110664007).

I. Analysis of economic benefits

Three-dimensional straw cultivation of edible fungi has the advantages of low investment and no risk. Moreover, the scale can be large or small; it can produce 10,000-20,000 kg per year for local fresh sales, or produce 100,000 or 1,000,000 kg for processing salted mushrooms for export or fresh-keeping packaging @#@136@#@. Below, we analyze separately the economic benefits of a single production model for oyster mushroom (Phoenix mushroom, small shiitake mushroom) and a multi-variety annual production model:

1. Benefit analysis of three-dimensional straw cultivation of oyster mushroom (Phoenix mushroom, small shiitake mushroom). Among these: rice straw is calculated at 0.16 yuan/kg, rice grain (corn, etc.) at 0.80 yuan/kg, and fresh mushrooms (oyster mushroom, Phoenix mushroom, small shiitake mushroom) at 1.2 yuan/kg.

2. Benefit analysis of the annual production model for straw cultivation of edible fungi. To meet market demand, a multi-variety annual production model can be set up according to natural environmental conditions, so as to ensure a balanced supply of edible fungi in each period and thus obtain greater economic benefits. The model is: in October-December of that year, cultivate 5,000 kg of material for oyster mushroom (Phoenix mushroom, small shiitake mushroom) in batches --→ in November, cultivate 2,000 kg of material for enoki mushroom --→ in February of the following year, cultivate 2,000 kg of material for shaggy ink cap mushroom --→ in May-September, cultivate 12,000 kg of material for straw mushroom --→ in September, cultivate 2,000 kg of material for tea tree mushroom.

Produced according to this model, more than 20,000 kg of mushrooms can be produced in the whole year, with an output value of more than 60,000 yuan, and a net profit of more than 40,000 yuan (note: the prices of fresh mushrooms, rice straw, rice grain, etc. are the same as in the previous table). Because conditions vary from place to place, the benefits also differ to some extent. Therefore, producers can formulate an annual production model suited to their locality according to local natural and market conditions.

II. Main technical features

1. Scientifically and rationally making good use of straw (rice straw, wheat straw, etc.) as the culture medium is the key to this technology. Anyone with experience in cultivating edible fungi knows that, on the premise of not affecting the growth of edible fungus mycelium, the higher the water content of the culture medium, the higher the yield. Straw (rice straw, wheat straw, etc.) has the characteristics of a loose tissue structure, strong water absorption and good air permeability, and its water content can reach more than 70% without affecting mycelial growth. This technology makes just the right use of this advantage of straw, greatly increasing the yield of edible fungi.

2. Using grain as the culture medium for production spawn compensates for the shortage of nitrogen in straw, thereby achieving the goal of high yield. Production spawn process flow (material treatment): build a pile (induce sterilization) --→ steam treatment (before treatment, add rice grain or corn or wheat to the base material) --→ bagging --→ sterilization --→ cooling --→ inoculation --→ mycelial growth --→ production spawn.

3. Casing soil between the layers of fungus bags is another key to this technology. Interlayer casing soil can play a heat-insulating role, and can also supplement nutrients and increase yield. Process flow for three-dimensional straw cultivation of edible fungi: material preparation --→ pre-warming --→ pile building --→ steam treatment --→ making fungus bags --→ mycelial growth --→ stacking into walls for fruiting --→ harvesting.