Key High-Yield Techniques for Cultivating Oyster Mushrooms on Rice Straw

High-Yield Techniques for Cultivating Oyster Mushrooms on Rice Straw

1. Selecting spawn: Experiments show that the relatively ideal strains include: the low-temperature type 792 and 118 oyster mushrooms; the medium-temperature type Xinnong No. 1, 9400 oyster mushroom, and Hypsizygus marmoreus; the high-temperature type Hainan No. 2, etc. (All of these spawns can be provided by the Binhai County Edible Fungi Research Institute.)

2. Seasonal scheduling: Along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, sowing can be done from early August to mid-February of the following year, with mid-September to mid-November being the best sowing period.

3. Rice straw selection: Choose fully dried, mold-free, golden-colored rice straw, with glutinous rice straw, early rice straw, and straw not kept over from the previous year being preferable.

(1) Soaking the rice straw in lime water: Press the straw once with a stone roller to crack the straw tubes, then tie it into small bundles and place them into a soaking pool, weighting them down with heavy objects on top. Soak in 3% lime water for 2-4 days, turning the pool 1-2 times during this period to ensure even soaking. The soaking time depends on the temperature at the time. After soaking, the pH of the rice straw material should be between 8-9, and the moisture content should reach about 60%. After soaking, the rice straw can be further piled for fermentation until the pile temperature reaches above 60 degrees, during which it should be turned once.

4. Spawn quality: Experiments show that with wheat grain spawn, there is no need to add organic supplements such as wheat bran or rice bran to the rice straw, which is greatly beneficial for preventing and reducing contamination by competing microorganisms. The spawn age for cultivation spawn is 25-30 days for wheat grain spawn and 20-25 days for cottonseed hull spawn. Sowing rate: 20-25% for wheat grain spawn and 25-30% for cottonseed hull spawn.

5. Making the mushroom substrate: For indoor shelf cultivation with pressed substrate, the shelves should be slightly tilted to facilitate drainage of accumulated water from the substrate; after sowing, cover with plastic film, place wooden boards on top, and weight them down with heavy objects. For outdoor cultivation, the raised beds should not be deep; beds with good drainage should be about 15 cm deep; where drainage conditions are poor, ground-level beds can be made, with a 15 cm high soil ridge built around the inside of the bed. After sowing, cover with plastic film, spread a layer of rice straw on the film, and then add 5 cm of fine soil on top of the straw.

6. Supplementing nutrient solution: Rice straw has insufficient residual nutrients, so nutrients must be supplemented in the later stage to facilitate high yields. Specific method: After harvesting 1 batch of mushrooms, spray and supplement with Gudazhuang, Jianzhuangsu, or diammonium phosphate solution; or spray a mixed solution of 0.2% urea plus 2% sucrose, spraying 3-4 kg per 100 kg of straw material. Spraying nutrient solution can increase yield by 15-20%.