Comprehensive control methods for soybean root-knot nematode disease

Soybean root-knot nematode disease, also known as "Fire Dragon Seedling," is a whole-plant disease caused by nematodes attacking soybean roots, leading to bacterial infection and disease. Affected plants grow slowly, with short, small, and yellowing stems and leaves, delayed flowering, few and small pods, and shriveled seeds; in severe cases, no pods form, or even the entire plant dies.

Soybean root-knot nematode disease spreads rapidly, and the pathogenic nematodes can survive in the soil for a long time. Once the disease occurs, it is very difficult to eradicate completely, so comprehensive control measures must be adopted:

1. Select and sow disease-resistant varieties; 2. Control the source of infection. The roots and stems in affected plots must be removed and burned, and used farm tools must be thoroughly cleaned before being used in disease-free fields. Implement a 3-4 year crop rotation; in severely affected areas, implement a rotation of more than 5 years; 3. Increase organic fertilizer application. Apply more organic fertilizers such as horse manure and green manure to promote robust soybean growth and enhance disease resistance. Experiments have shown that applying 1500-2500 kg of organic fertilizer per mu can significantly reduce the disease incidence; 4. Chemical control. Apply 4-5 kg of 5% phorate granules or 4-5 kg of 3% carbofuran granules per mu, applying them in furrows at sowing, for a relatively good preventive effect. After the disease occurs, the above pesticides can also be used in a soaking solution of 50 kg to drench the roots; at the same time, spray liquid fertilizer or Shibao on the leaves. For liquid fertilizer, spray the first time at a 500-fold dilution, and spray the second time after 5-7 days at a 1000-fold dilution. For Shibao, use 5-7.5 mL per mu mixed with 50 kg of water, spraying twice, which can promote the recovery and growth of diseased plants.