Detailed Explanation of Key Cultivation Techniques for Taiwan Golden Oyster Mushroom

Taiwan Golden Oyster Mushroom, also known as Taiwan Golden Yellow Mushroom, has golden-yellow fruiting bodies, a delicate texture, and a fresh, fragrant, rich flavor. It is a delicious edible mushroom that sells well in Taiwan, China and the European and American markets.

1. Cultivation season: The optimum fruiting temperature for Golden Oyster Mushroom is 13°C-24°C, and it takes 40-45 days from spawning to fruiting. Generally, spawn in February-March in spring and fruit in April-May; spawn in September-October in autumn and fruit in October-December; spawn in November-December in winter and fruit in January-March.

2. Cultivation site: Choose a plot with a clean environment, flat terrain, and loose, fertile soil. Dig shallow beds running east-west, 60 cm wide and 16 cm deep, with no limit on length. Before spawning, irrigate the beds thoroughly, then sprinkle a layer of lime powder for disinfection.

3. Raw material formulas: 1. Mixed sawdust 64%, rice and wheat straw 30%, lime 3%, gypsum 2%, compound fertilizer 1%, carbendazim 0.1%; 2. Mixed sawdust 47%, cottonseed hulls 47%, lime 3%, gypsum 2%, compound fertilizer 1%, carbendazim 0.1%; 3. Cottonseed hulls 47%, corncobs (bean stalks) 47%, lime 3%, gypsum 2%, compound fertilizer 1%, carbendazim 0.1%.

4. Fermentation treatment: First pre-wet the rice and wheat straw and cottonseed hulls, then add the mixed sawdust, corncobs, compound fertilizer, lime, and gypsum, mix well, and ferment. When the material temperature reaches 65°C, maintain it for 48 hours, then turn the pile. After re-piling, when the material temperature rises to 60°C, maintain it for another 48 hours. Spread the pile to cool, spray carbendazim and insecticidal pyrethrin, and adjust the moisture content of the compost to 60%-65%.

5. Bedding and spawning: Evenly spread the fermented compost into the bed, following the procedure of one layer of material and one layer of spawn, and build the compost to a thickness of 20 cm. Generally, use 15 kg of dry material and 2 bags of spawn per sq m. After spawning, pat the surface flat and seal it tightly with plastic film, cover with 1.5 cm of crushed soil, and maintain the temperature inside the material at 15°C-26°C.

6. Fruiting management: After 25-30 days of mycelial colonization, when the mycelium has penetrated the compost and become a single mass, gives a "thud" sound when tapped, and pinheads the size of rice grains appear around it, begin management to induce pinning and fruiting. First remove the covering soil and plastic film from the bed surface, insert bamboo strips over the bed to form an arched shed 50 cm high, and cover it with a shade net. After pinheads appear, strengthen ventilation inside the shed and raise the relative humidity (85%-90%). As the mushrooms grow further, gradually increase the amount and frequency of watering.

7. Timely harvesting: Harvest promptly when the mushrooms reach eight-tenths maturity and before the spores are released. After the first flush ends, clean the bed surface and stop watering to encourage mycelial recovery. After 7-10 days of fruiting management, the second flush can be harvested. Generally, 4-5 consecutive flushes can be harvested, with fresh mushroom yield reaching 20-25 kg per sq m and biological efficiency as high as 150%-200%.