Detailed Explanation of Key Techniques for Transplanting Improved Clonal Tea Varieties

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For transplanting improved variety seedlings, the site is generally chosen on terraced land, gentle slopes and flat dry land, preferably with deep soil layers, good structure, shelter from wind and facing the sun, and abundant water sources.

2. Land preparation

Complete 10-15 days in advance. Row planting, bed width 1 m; deep furrows with hanging trenches are required, furrow depth 25-30 cm, width 24-30 cm, apply base fertilizer at the bottom of the furrow. The base fertilizer is mostly decomposed cake fertilizer and special tea fertilizer, with a per-mu application rate of 150 kg cake fertilizer and 50 kg special fertilizer; after fertilizing, backfill the furrow with topsoil, keeping the soil about 20 cm deep, so as to avoid direct contact between the tea seedling roots and the fertilizer, which would burn the root system.

3. Transplanting period

The suitable period for transplanting tea seedlings is before the tea buds sprout in spring and after the tea buds stop growing in autumn. In this county, there is less rainfall after autumn and severe freezing damage in winter, so early spring transplanting is relatively safer. The specific transplanting period is between Awakening of Insects and Spring Equinox. At this time the tea seedlings have not yet sprouted, the transplanting survival rate is high, and recovery is relatively fast.

4. Transplanting method

Transplant tea seedlings about 20 cm tall, with sturdy stems and well-developed root systems; when lifting the seedlings, carry more soil and damage the roots as little as possible. When planting the seedlings, use the deep-furrow low-planting method, with a single-row spacing of 27-35 cm, 2 plants per hole slightly separated, planted in the furrow, filling with fine soil in layers, keeping the roots spread out, firming the soil by treading, and watering thoroughly to settle the roots. After planting, keep the tea seedlings with the soil line about 10 cm below the ground surface; the lower half of the tea seedling sits shallowly in the furrow, and after the tea seedlings grow taller, fill the furrow level in combination with hoeing weeds and fertilizing. This method has the effects of preserving warmth and moisture and blocking wind, reducing drought and freezing damage, helping the tea seedling roots to penetrate deeply, increasing the layers of root development, and promoting aboveground growth.

5. Post-transplanting management

For tea seedlings planted in spring, fixed pruning must be carried out 15-20 cm above the ground, so as to maintain the tea seedlings' ability to withstand water loss on sunny days, which affects the survival rate. In terms of management methods, it is divided into three seasons: First, in spring, ensure survival; it is not suitable to shallow hoe or fertilize too early. Generally after Beginning of Summer, only when the underground new root system has grown more than 2-3 cm and the aboveground new shoots have grown to 5-10 cm, only when the new root system has grown more than 2-3 cm and the aboveground new shoots have grown to 5-10 cm, may topdressing be applied. For the fertilization standard, use hole application, with about 10 kg urea per mu or about 10 kg of 30% urea per mu or foliar spraying with 3% urea. If weeds are excessive, glyphosate or Roundup may be sprayed to suppress them; second, in summer, promote growth. At this time, water and fertilizer must be well controlled, irrigate promptly in drought and drain promptly in waterlogging. The fertilization amount may be increased by 1 time, applied once every 20-30 days. When the branches exceed 30 cm, a second pruning may be carried out, at a height 25 cm from the first pruning cut; third, in autumn, promote strong seedlings. Entering autumn, there is less rainfall, so drought prevention must be strengthened, and additional human manure or decomposed cake fertilizer water should be applied as base fertilizer. Summer and autumn are peak periods for pests and diseases; once discovered, biological control should be carried out promptly.