Detailed Explanation of Key Techniques for Oyster Mushroom Cultivation on Sterilized Substrate

1. Preparation of the culture substrate: Select fresh materials free from mold, uniform in coarseness, and remove impurities. Mix the raw materials together in proportion until evenly blended, then add water and stir; control the moisture content at 60%, so that when squeezed into a ball in the hand, slight moisture appears between the fingers but no water drips out. Then fill into bags.

2. Sterilization: Use the high-pressure cabinet sterilization method, holding at 120°C under stable pressure for 2-3 hours; or the steam sterilization method, steaming thoroughly at 100°C and holding for 4-6 hours. A steamer pot can also be used for sterilization: first add water to the pot, attach a steaming rack on top, and cover tightly with pressure. After steam rises from the top layer, sterilize for 10-15 hours.

3. Inoculation: The inoculation site, personnel, and equipment must be disinfected; the cooling room and inoculation room should be fumigated with 15 g of sulfur or 5 g of potassium permanganate plus 10 mL of formaldehyde per cubic meter, and where conditions permit, ultraviolet lamps can be used for sterilization. Personnel and equipment should be disinfected with 75% alcohol and 0.1% potassium permanganate. After disinfection, begin inoculation once the substrate temperature drops below 30°C.

4. Management during the mycelium growth stage: Build simple cultivation racks inside the growing room, or stack bags in a triangular arrangement, or pile them into mushroom walls for cultivation. Be careful not to stack the layers too high, to prevent poor mycelium growth and overheating of the substrate. The growing room must also be disinfected before use.

Control the temperature at 20-28°C; excessively high temperatures affect the quality of the mycelium. Appropriately reduce the relative air humidity to prevent the growth of contaminating microorganisms. No light is needed during the mycelium growth stage; strong light will inhibit mycelium growth. Mycelium growth requires fresh air, so ventilate 2-3 times per day.

5. Management during the fruiting stage: Oyster mushroom fruiting requires a temperature difference stimulus; a day-night temperature difference of 8-10°C is favorable for primordium differentiation. After fruiting begins, control the temperature at 18-22°C, keep the relative air humidity at 85%-90%, provide scattered light, and increase ventilation.