Detailed Explanation of Indoor Three-Dimensional Cultivation Methods for Oyster Mushrooms in Winter

Place the plastic tubes filled with oyster mushroom spawn (cylindrical in shape) indoors or in a mushroom cellar. When the room temperature is 24°C-25°C, they can only be arranged in a single row and single layer for mycelial running. When the room temperature is around 20°C, they can be arranged in two or three rows in a single layer. When the room temperature is 10°C-15°C, they can be stacked to a height of 1 m-1.5 m, and every 10-15 days, the upper and lower positions should be swapped to make the temperature uniform in all parts and the mycelial running consistent. During this period, keep the room as dry as possible. When the indoor humidity reaches above 80%, it is best to adopt the two-level cultivation method of mycelial running above ground and fruiting underground. Keep the indoor air fresh and ventilate frequently, control the substrate temperature not to exceed 30°C, and do not expose the mycelium to light during the mycelial stage. Generally, it takes 20-50 days from inoculation to fruiting. When the mushroom buds are about to appear, scattered light should be provided. Install one 40-watt to 60-watt light bulb every five or six meters in the cellar, and provide 12 hours of lighting per day. During the fruiting stage, arrange them in a single row and stack to a height of 1.5 m. Maintain the relative air humidity at around 90%, ventilate for air exchange, and keep the room temperature at 10°C-20°C to achieve high yields.

Temperature and humidity management during the fruiting body development stage should be strengthened. ① Primordium formation stage (also called the mulberry stage). The mycelium forms twisted knots, and white dots visible to the naked eye gradually grow into clusters of small mushroom buds resembling mulberries. At this time, the plastic tube opening can be untied and the plug removed. To maintain air humidity, fine mist can be sprayed into the surrounding space and onto the walls, but water must not be sprayed directly onto the mushroom buds. ② Coral stage. The mulberry stage lasts only two or three days. The granular bodies gradually elongate, and the primordia differentiate and extend into stipes, but the caps have not yet formed. Under good conditions of temperature, humidity, light and ventilation, the stipes are thick and sturdy. The management during this period is the same as during the mulberry stage. Note that when ventilating, do not blow air directly onto the fruiting bodies. ③ Young bud stage. The caps form. During this period, if the relative air humidity is below 85%, water can be sprayed. Be careful to spray frequently and finely, allowing the water to pass lightly over the young buds, and never spray heavily or coarsely. ④ Maturation stage. The amount of water sprayed and ventilation during the early maturation stage is greater than during the young bud stage. The middle maturation stage is the optimal time for harvesting. Harvesting at this time gives good quality and high yield.

After the first flush of mushrooms is harvested, cut away the remaining mushroom fragments cleanly, tidy up, and wrap the plastic tube opening securely. Do not spray water in the cellar or room, and keep the air relatively dry to promote mycelial growth and nutrient accumulation. At this time, attention should be paid to ventilation, air exchange and light transmission until the second flush of mushrooms forms. Other management practices are the same as described above.