Semi-underground three-dimensional cultivation of oyster mushrooms yields high output and good returns

Semi-underground three-dimensional bed-frame cultivation of oyster mushrooms is a new approach explored in recent years to achieve high yields and improve economic returns. According to trials, on an area of 20 sq m, with 2000 kg of substrate, the annual output of oyster mushrooms is about 2500 kg, with a biological efficiency of over 120%. The key technical points are as follows:

1. Building the greenhouse: first dig a pit 1.8 m to 2 m deep and 4 m to 5 m wide, with the length determined as needed, and place the three-dimensional bed frames inside. On top, use bamboo poles and plastic film to build an arched shed, pack the surrounding edges firmly with soil, and cover with straw mats. Leave ventilation openings of about 30 square cm on all four sides, east, west, north and south, and build a small door on the west side for workers to enter and exit.

2. Mixing ingredients and inoculation. Substrate formula: 100 kg cottonseed hulls, 120 kg water, 1 kg gypsum, 0.1 kg wettable carbendazim powder. Mix well and pile up for fermentation. Then, in a sterilized room, fill bags with the substrate and inoculate. Use the four-layer inoculation method, with an inoculation rate of 15%.

3. Arranging bags for mycelial growth. Place the inoculated spawn bags in a room with good insulation. When the room temperature is slightly lower, stack 5 to 6 layers; when the room temperature is slightly higher, stack 3 to 4 layers. Turn the bags once every 5 to 6 days, and frequently check the temperature inside the pile to prevent damage from high temperatures. Keep the room temperature at about 20°C, and the mycelium will fully colonize in about 20 days.

4. Intensive management. Move the fully colonized bags promptly into the greenhouse and place them on the three-dimensional bed frames. A 4 m wide greenhouse can hold 3 rows of bed frames, with 9 to 10 layers of spawn bags placed in each row. After arranging them, strengthen ventilation; adjust the day-night temperature difference, and primordia of the fruiting bodies will form in 4 to 6 days. At the mulberry stage, open the bag mouths and spray water on the ground or walls, keeping the relative air humidity at about 90%. At the coral stage, roll up the bag mouths so mushrooms can emerge smoothly, and harvest promptly when they reach eight-tenths maturity. After harvesting the second flush, soak the bags in water for 5 to 6 hours, then tie the mouths shut and place them back on the bed frames; another 1 to 2 flushes can still be harvested.

Semi-underground three-dimensional bed-frame cultivation of oyster mushrooms makes good use of natural light and temperature, has good heat and moisture retention, does not occupy farmland, can generally be cultivated in ordinary courtyards, and allows cyclic cultivation throughout the year. It has high output and good economic returns.