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Detailed Explanation of Radiation Breeding Techniques and Methods for Tea Plants

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A mutation breeding method in which tea plants are induced to mutate through radiation exposure, and new varieties are developed through selection and cultivation. Compared with traditional breeding methods, radiation breeding can generally increase the mutation frequency by about 1000 times. It is relatively effective for changing one or two traits, and has characteristics such as breaking old linkages and transplanting chromosome segments, overcoming incompatibility in distant hybridization, changing self-incompatibility in cross-pollinated plants to self-compatibility, and producing mutation types that rarely exist in nature. Radiation includes ionizing radiation and thermal

A mutation breeding method in which tea plants are induced to mutate through radiation exposure, and new varieties are developed through selection and cultivation.

Compared with traditional breeding methods, radiation breeding can generally increase the mutation frequency by about 1000 times. It is relatively effective for changing one or two traits, and has characteristics such as breaking old linkages and transplanting chromosome segments, overcoming incompatibility in distant hybridization, changing self-incompatibility in cross-pollinated plants to self-compatibility, and producing mutation types that rarely exist in nature.

Radiation includes ionizing radiation and thermal radiation. In tea plant breeding, ionizing rays such as gamma rays and beta rays are generally used as mutagenic factors. The main process includes: parent selection, material treatment, identification and selection, and the remaining steps are the same as those used in general breeding.

Parent selection: It is advisable to select parents with excellent comprehensive traits and few defects as experimental materials. Radiation treatment materials generally use tea plant seedlings or cutting seedlings, cuttings, axillary buds, etc., with seeds and seedlings used for radiation treatment accounting for the majority.

Radiation treatment: There are two types, external irradiation and internal irradiation. Acute external irradiation uses the semi-lethal dose (LD50) or critical dose (LD40). The critical radiation dose for dormant tea seeds is 0.4-0.8 million roentgens; for one-year-old seedlings it is 0.3-0.5 million roentgens, and chronic radiation is 10-30 roentgens/day. When using P32 or S35 for internal irradiation of seeds, the seed moisture content should be determined in advance. If P32 solution is used, the amount of radioactive solution used should be converted according to the seed moisture content, with a concentration of 0.02 microcuries/milliliter.

Identification and selection: After radiation treatment, tea seeds and seedlings in the current generation (M1) show delayed germination, low seedling survival rate, weak growth, and leaf abnormalities. Seeds and vegetative organs are multicellular structures. After radiation treatment, not the entire embryo or vegetative organ mutates, so asexual segregation phenomena will appear in the current or subsequent generations.

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