Detailed Explanation of New Management Techniques for Explosive Fruiting of Oyster Mushrooms
1. Tightening and oiling: Before using the machine, check whether all fastening parts are firm and whether all rotating parts are flexible. Apply grease to the universal joint cross, cutter bearing housings, press wheel bearing housings, etc., add gear oil to the gearbox, and apply lubricating oil to the chain drive and other rotating parts.
2. Use of the seed metering device. This machine uses a 16-slot semi-precision external groove wheel seed metering device for sowing @#@245@#@. When sowing corn, five of the wheat seed metering devices need to be replaced with corn seed metering devices, while the other five wheat seed metering devices are shut off.
3. Press wheel limit: In the transport state, both sides of the outer-row press wheels are fixed by the upper and lower limit pins of the longitudinal beam sector plate. In the working state, the upper limit pin must be released and placed at an appropriate position on the sector plate, generally at the second hole counted from the bottom, while the lower limit pin remains unmoved.
The so-called "explosive fruiting" means that during edible mushroom cultivation, by artificially regulating conditions, fruiting is made to form an "explosive" momentum. This turns the original cultivation management that lasts as long as 3~5 months, produces 3~4 flushes, and has a biological efficiency of about 100% into a one-time complete output of 80% of its total yield, or even the yield of traditional cultivation at 100%, with the highest production effect reaching a biological efficiency exceeding 150%. This shortens the cultivation management time, improves the commercial quality and commercial value of the mushrooms, and greatly increases the input-output ratio. The technical points of "explosive fruiting" are:
2.1 Perform virus elimination treatment on the spawn or introduce virus-eliminated spawn. As is well known, spawn that has undergone scientific virus elimination treatment does not itself carry any viruses or pathogens. Moreover, during the virus elimination process, after continuous high-temperature--low-temperature conditioning, the resistance of the spawn is correspondingly improved, and problems such as strain degeneration do not occur.
2.2 Adjust the nutritional components and levels of the substrate. In general production, the formula can be designed according to the cultivation materials. Overall, the main emphasis should be on supplementing nutrients dominated by trace elements. For example, when cottonseed hulls are the main material, 120 g of edible mushroom three-dimensional nutritional essence (mixing type) can be added per 250 kg of dry material, so that the nutritional components of the substrate are scientific, reasonable, comprehensive and balanced, providing a solid material basis for mycelial growth.
2.3 Strict disinfection treatment of the cultivation environment. At present, after extensive research, we tend to add antibacterial and fungicidal agents such as Saibai 09 to the substrate to improve the success rate of spawn running; at the same time, this is coordinated with strict disinfection and sterilization treatment of the spawn-running site. In today's increasingly deteriorating production environment, these measures are very necessary, and their effects are also very obvious.
2.4 Strengthen post-maturation culture of the mycelium so that it stores the biological energy for explosive fruiting to the maximum extent. Mushroom farmers all know that, especially for oyster mushrooms, once spawn running is completed, primordia and fruiting can soon appear. But if the first flush does not fruit well, troublesome problems such as difficult fruiting and many diseases will occur. Of course, the occurrence of problems is not due to a single factor, but according to our long-term observation and research, we believe that insufficient mycelial quantity, relatively low biomass reserve, that is, insufficient mycelial post-maturation, is the main restricting factor. Therefore, we increased research in this area, and the result is: within a certain range, under the same conditions of variety, substrate, etc., the mycelial post-maturation period has a very close and direct relationship with improving the biological efficiency of the first flush. Therefore, we advocate that, on the premise of adjusting the nutrition of the substrate, the post-maturation time of the mycelium should be extended as much as possible, generally about 15 days is appropriate.
2.5 During the fruiting stage, coordinate with "foliar fertilization" to strengthen the effect of "explosive fruiting". Generally, when the cap diameter reaches about 2 cm, edible mushroom three-dimensional nutritional essence (spraying type) can be sprayed. It can be sprayed directly on the fruiting bodies. Spraying 3 times per flush can achieve the best yield-increasing effect, and at the same time has advantages such as improving mushroom quality, improving resistance, and increasing nutrition and taste. In recent years, it has been welcomed by the vast number of mushroom farmers.
2.6 Explosive fruiting can minimize disease and pest damage. Since only one flush is produced, the time is short, and diseases and pests basically have no opportunity to occur, so only preventive medication is needed. There are no troublesome problems such as losses caused by the occurrence of diseases and pests.
The production effect of "explosive fruiting" has already appeared. This technique can be adapted to most varieties, but several measures must be coordinated for it to show the advantages of this technique.