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How to manage cotton after topping in July? Detailed technical points

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Hot or high-temperature and high-humidity conditions are one of the most harmful factors in the livestock and poultry industry, leading to the occurrence of heat stress syndrome in livestock and poultry. Heat stress suppresses the body's immune function, reduces the concentration of immunoglobulins in the blood, decreases the number of lymphocytes in the blood, and causes a decline in the phagocytic capacity of macrophages in the body, triggering infectious diseases in livestock and poultry. Therefore, heat stress makes livestock and poultry prone to all kinds of diseases. Since modern excellent livestock and poultry breeds with higher production performance have weaker resistance to heat stress, severe heat stress often causes high-producing livestock and poultry to die first, resulting in serious economic losses. Here we discuss improving the

Hot or high-temperature and high-humidity conditions are one of the most harmful factors in the livestock and poultry industry, leading to the occurrence of heat stress syndrome in livestock and poultry. Heat stress suppresses the body's immune function, reduces the concentration of immunoglobulins in the blood, decreases the number of lymphocytes in the blood, and causes a decline in the phagocytic capacity of macrophages in the body, triggering infectious diseases in livestock and poultry. Therefore, heat stress makes livestock and poultry prone to all kinds of diseases. Since modern excellent livestock and poultry breeds with higher production performance have weaker resistance to heat stress, severe heat stress often causes high-producing livestock and poultry to die first, resulting in serious economic losses. Here we introduce some measures for improving the internal environment of livestock and poultry, for the reference of farmers.

1. Reasonably adjust the dietary nutritional level

(1) Adjust protein and amino acid content: Reducing the protein content of the diet while maintaining the supplementation level of essential amino acids can improve the body's growth rate and survival rate. For broilers, D-methionine can be added; feeding synthetic lysine to replace natural protein is beneficial for pigs.

(2) Increase energy level: The energy concentration in the diet should be adjusted on the principle of minimizing the generation of heat increment. Fat is the nutrient with the lowest heat increment. Appropriately adjusting the ratio of essential fatty acids in the feed and using fat to replace part of the carbohydrates can increase the energy concentration of the feed and improve adaptability during heat stress. Generally, 2%-3% fat is added to the diet.

(3) Mineral supplementation amounts: During heat stress, the urinary excretion of potassium, sodium, zinc and molybdenum increases, the fecal excretion of calcium, manganese, selenium and copper also increases, and the storage of magnesium and phosphorus decreases. When the ambient temperature is above 20°C, for every 1°C increase, the actual content of calcium, phosphorus, sodium and chlorine in the feed should increase by 1.5% above the requirement at 20°C to meet the body's needs.

2. Apply anti-stress additives to alleviate heat stress

(1) Supplementation of vitamin C and vitamin E: When heat stress occurs, on the one hand, increased cortisol secretion raises the requirement for vitamin C, and increased corticosteroid secretion suppresses the body's immune function. On the other hand, the ability of livestock and poultry to synthesize vitamin C declines, so adding vitamin C is beneficial for alleviating heat stress. Vitamin C can be supplemented through feed or drinking water. Supplementation amounts: broilers 100 g-150 g/ton of feed; meat pigs g of feed. When added through drinking water, add 1 g per liter of drinking water and provide water continuously.

Vitamin E also plays a certain role in resisting heat stress. During heat stress, some changes occur within the body's cells, so adding vitamin E can stimulate immune organs, enhance the body's immunity, and help improve stress resistance. Adding 200-300 mg/kg vitamin E to broiler diets can significantly increase the concentrations of T3 and T4 in the body; increasing vitamin E in laying hen diets from 10 IU to 35-50 IU increases the laying rate by 1.5%-5.5%; adding 200 IU/kg vitamin E to meat pigs can effectively alleviate heat stress and tends to improve production performance.

(2) Regulate electrolytes and maintain acid-base balance: Many studies have shown that adding sodium chloride, potassium chloride and sodium bicarbonate to the diet or drinking water helps restore the body's acid-base balance, thereby improving production performance. The most suitable addition to feed is 0.5% sodium bicarbonate.

During heat stress, the respiratory rate increases, and the levels of CO2 and HCO3- in the blood decrease, leading to an increase in pH value, and respiratory alkalosis may occur. Adding acidifiers to the feed can lower the elevated pH value in the blood, regulate acid-base balance, and thereby avoid or alleviate the adverse reactions caused by heat stress. Commonly used acidifiers include lactic acid, citric acid and fumaric acid, etc.

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