Detailed Explanation of Key Technical Points for Bag Cultivation of Shiitake Mushrooms

1. Select excellent, robust spawn. Currently, the varieties suitable for bag cultivation of shiitake mushrooms include 33, Cr02, Cr04, 868, Shenxiang No. 2 and Huagu 939. Select spawn with white mycelium, fluffy texture, wall-climbing ability, vigorous growth, low mycelial age, no antagonistic lines and no contaminating microorganisms.

2. Making of the substrate logs. The time is from mid-August to early September. Production process flow: mixing materials -- bagging -- tying the opening -- sterilization -- cooling -- inoculation. A common formula for bag substrate cultivation of shiitake mushrooms "782011", namely sawdust 78%, bran or rice bran 20%, sugar 1%, gypsum powder 1%, with a material-to-water ratio of 1 to 1. 2 to 1. 3. After the substrate logs are bagged and the openings tied, they are sterilized and disinfected, and inoculated after cooling. This step must be carried out under sterile conditions to strictly prevent contamination by foreign microorganisms.

3. Spawn-running management. The time is from mid-to-late August to mid-to-late October. (1) Turning and inspection: 7-15 days after inoculation, when the mycelium has established and the mycelial growth ring is about 5 cm, carry out turning and inspection. If there are contaminated substrate logs, promptly remove them or redo them for reuse. (2) Pricking holes for aeration, generally pricking 3-4 times. (3) Prevent overheating of the spawn; pay attention to ventilation and shading indoors. When the pile temperature exceeds 40°C, spread out the substrate logs and reduce the height of the log pile.

4. Selection of the mushroom yard. It is required to be sheltered from the wind and facing the sun, with flat terrain, close to a water source, good ventilation, a clean environment and few pests and diseases. Generally, paddy fields are preferable, and 8000 to 10000 bags can be placed per mu.

5. Construction of the mushroom shed. Build the mushroom shed before removing the bags. It is required to have "three parts sunlight and seven parts shade". The shade shed height is 22 m, and a row frame is set up inside the shed. First level the land and make beds. The bed width is 1 m, the height is 25 cm, the frame height is 30 cm, and the spacing is 20 cm. After the row frame is set up, install a plastic arched shed over the bed.

6. Arrangement of the substrate logs, bag removal and color change. 7 to 10 days before bag removal, place the substrate logs on the frame to allow them to change color naturally. When a small number of mushroom buds appear or the color has already turned brown, the bags can be removed. After bag removal, strengthen the management of temperature, humidity and air, uncover the film for ventilation, promote mycelial color change, and form a layer of brown mycelial skin on the substrate logs.

7. Fruiting management. From late October to mid-to-late May of the following year. (1) After the substrate logs change color, artificially increase the temperature and humidity difference and provide light stimulation to promote the formation of mushroom buds. Cover the film tightly during the day to raise the temperature and increase humidity. Uncover the film at night to stimulate primordium formation. Generally, mushroom buds can grow after 3 to 4 days. During the fruiting period, attention should be paid to heat preservation and moisture retention. The temperature of the mushroom bed should be controlled at around 20°C, and the humidity should be controlled between 85% and 90%. During the autumn mushroom period, watering should not be too much. If the substrate logs are too wet, it will affect mycelial growth and cause mushroom buds to die. (2) For spring fruiting, in March to April, as the temperature rises from low to high, the mycelium grows vigorously and there are many mushrooms, so the water demand increases. In management, supplemental water is required for fruiting. After autumn and winter, the water content of the substrate logs drops to about 35%, so soaking or injecting water is necessary. Use No. 8 iron wire to make holes 6 to 12 cm deep at both ends of the substrate logs. Put the substrate logs into a soaking pool and press them down with heavy objects so they are submerged in water for 4 to 8 hours, then take them out and arrange them. In spring, the temperature is high and there is a lot of rain, and contaminating microorganisms reproduce quickly. Ventilation should be strengthened, and the air humidity should be maintained at about 85%. When the temperature rises above 30°C, cooling measures should be taken, such as thickening the shade material, ventilating in the morning and evening, and spraying water in the space.

8. Harvesting and processing. When the shiitake mushroom fruiting bodies grow to eight-tenths maturity and look like a "gong edge", they can be harvested. Shiitake mushroom processing includes three methods: drying by baking, drying in the sun, and a combination of baking and sun-drying. After drying, grade, package and store.