What are the control methods for mushroom gall midges?

I. Causes (1) Improper composting of the growing substrate. The substrate is not fully fermented, the turning of the pile is uneven, the fermentation time is too short, and disinfection is not thorough. (2) Unsuitable microclimate inside the mushroom house, such as humidity being too high. (3) Poor cultivation conditions. Growers use old mushroom racks to cultivate mushrooms and do not disinfect thoroughly after harvesting. The water source is not clean and carries diseases, pests, and contaminant microorganisms. The mushroom house has poor ventilation.

II. Control methods (1) Site selection and mushroom house disinfection. The mushroom production site must be chosen in a place with dry terrain, close to a clean water source. If mushroom beds are built inside a room, disinfection inside the room should be strengthened. Fumigate with sulfur and dichlorvos at a 1:1 ratio, then fumigate again after 5 days. If old mushroom racks are used, they should first be soaked in water for several days, drained, and then moved into the mushroom house for fumigation. Disinfection with a 2% sodium pentachlorophenate solution has a good control effect. (2) Maintain good sanitation inside and around the mushroom yard, promptly remove waste materials and debris, and regularly spray the site with disinfectants and insecticides such as dichlorvos. Install screen doors and screen windows on the mushroom house. (3) The growing substrate must undergo secondary fermentation. During the first fermentation, turn the material evenly and control the moisture content of the substrate to prevent excess water. During the secondary fermentation, pay attention to the temperature and time during the heating and temperature-holding stages. Before secondary fermentation, tools that have been used or are about to be used should also be disinfected to prevent contamination by diseases, pests, and contaminant microorganisms. (4) After inoculation of the mushroom bags, the sealing method should preferably be the ring-cover sealing method. The sealing paper should be double-layered, and during transport, care should be taken to prevent the sealing paper from falling off, handling gently. If a break is found in a mushroom bag, it should immediately be sealed with adhesive tape to prevent pests from laying eggs at the break and causing damage. (5) Control the temperature and humidity of the mushroom house. The mushroom house should be ventilated and air-permeable, and temperature and humidity should be regulated. (6) Chemical control. When turning the substrate pile, spray the substrate with a 1000-fold dilution of 90% trichlorfon or 50% malathion emulsion, which can effectively prevent pest occurrence.