Five key steps to focus on in autumn mushroom production

In autumn mushroom production, especially in the early autumn stage, there are many limiting factors, and compared with winter production, the success rate is often lower. In fact, this is also the main reason why fresh mushrooms are expensive in autumn. Therefore, mushroom growers are especially reminded: in this year's mushroom production, especially at large-scale production bases, operations should be stricter, precautions should be taken, and management should be scientific to ensure smooth production. In actual production, the following "five passes" should be mainly monitored.

Substrate ratio and nutrition pass

In general production, cottonseed hulls, corncobs and other straw materials are mostly used as raw materials. However, the nutrition of all raw materials is mainly based on carbon, and the lack and imbalance of nutrients fundamentally cannot meet the growth needs of mushroom mycelium. Although mushrooms can still be produced, during months of management, the mushroom yield is very small. The main problem is that the substrate is especially lacking in medium and trace elements, which leads to weak mycelium and poor resistance, and the result is inevitably severe contamination and low yield. Therefore, adding mushroom three-dimensional nutrient essence to the formula can make the nutrition comprehensive and rich, and the mycelium robust and vigorous, with relatively high resistance to contamination and disease, so as to achieve the ideal mushroom-producing state.

Mushroom shed disinfection and sterilization pass

At present, mycelium running or mushroom production is mostly carried out in greenhouses, so disinfection and sterilization inside the shed should be carried out according to the principle of being strict and thorough, and do not leave things to chance. Especially in old mushroom sheds, a large number of contaminating bacteria and pathogenic bacteria lie dormant, and many mushroom growers are busy with sowing and production. Coupled with a lack of preventive awareness and concept, they often neglect disinfection and sterilization treatment of the mushroom shed, resulting in large-scale contamination and sometimes losses that are difficult to remedy. Treatment method: repair the mushroom shed, remove coverings such as straw mats, repair or replace the shed film, then irrigate with 800-fold phoxim along with water, then spray Baibingsha solution in a carpet-like manner, close the mushroom shed, expose it to the sun for 2-3 days, then repeat the medication once, keep it closed for 2 days, then open it for ventilation, spread lime powder on the ground, and after that the sown mushroom bags can be moved in for mycelium running.

Sterilized substrate inoculation operation pass

The requirement for sterilized substrate inoculation is standardized operation. The traditional method is to use potassium permanganate, formaldehyde or smoke agents for fumigation treatment before inoculation. On the one hand, this causes inoculation workers to suffer greatly from the chemicals. Formaldehyde in particular is a carcinogenic substance, and it has a long residual effect period and a large residual amount. According to relevant regulations for green food, it should be prohibited in mushrooms. On the other hand, the irritation of the chemicals, the inconvenience of operating inside the inoculation box and the high labor intensity make workers very exhausted, and prolonged operation inevitably leads to laxity and non-standard practices, thus keeping the contamination rate high. The author uses a "mushroom inoculation purification machine" for inoculation operations. After the machine is turned on for 10 minutes, inoculation can be carried out in the breeze emitted by the machine. It is harmless to the human body, has a good contamination-prevention effect, and gives a high inoculation success rate, making the inoculation operation easy and effortless.

Pest and disease pass during mycelium running

Although the mushroom shed has already been thoroughly disinfected and sterilized in the earlier stage, during mycelium running, the entry and exit of management personnel, continuous ventilation and so on will inevitably allow new contaminating bacteria and pathogenic bacteria to enter the shed, so the risk of contamination still exists. Therefore, preventive work cannot be relaxed in the slightest. Generally, Baibing Quwuzong or Saibai 09 can be used to prevent and inhibit pathogens, and cypermethrin can be used to kill insects. The main directions for application are walls, ground, air vents, doorways and other places, and a small amount of spray can be applied in the air.

Prevention pass during mushroom production

Throughout the mycelium running period, in addition to adhering to chemical prevention, close observation should also be paid to the "movements" of contaminating bacteria and diseases. If initial contamination or disease symptoms are found, they should be thoroughly treated immediately. The method is: use medicinal liquids such as Baibingsha to brush the contaminated spots, or directly scatter medicinal powder on the contaminated areas, so that the pathogens can be completely killed. After chemical treatment of contaminated mushroom bags, lightly contaminated ones can continue to produce mushrooms, and severely contaminated ones, after killing the contaminating bacteria, can be treated and used as organic fertilizer in the field.