Detailed Explanation of Key Points for Autumn Production Technology of Edible Fungi

I. Selection of Spawn

For cultivating edible fungi, one should base the choice on local environmental and climatic conditions, and select excellent varieties with large fruiting bodies, good cap color, and good storage and transport tolerance as spawn. Purchase spawn from spawn supply units with a good reputation, high technical expertise, and no negative records.

II. Construction of Mushroom Sheds

The construction of mushroom sheds should be determined according to each producer's own production plan. If year-round cultivation is planned, the standard of the mushroom shed can be raised, using winter-warm greenhouses; if off-season production is the main focus, the walls should be thickened and "greenhouse water-temperature air conditioning" installed; if only one batch of cultivation is to be done in autumn and winter, building single-slope, flat-type greenhouses is sufficient. Regardless of the type of mushroom shed, on the basis of heat preservation and moisture retention, ventilation holes must be built.

III. Disinfection of Mushroom Sheds

For new mushroom sheds, pesticides such as Baibing Quwuzong and phoxim can be sprayed inside the shed. The general dosage is 1 bag of Baibing Quwuzong mixed with 50g phoxim, sprayed over 30 sq m. The ground, walls, and pillars must be sprayed comprehensively, then the mushroom shed sealed, the straw curtains rolled up to sun the shed, and after 2 days of sealing, bags can be brought in for spawn running or fruiting. For old mushroom sheds that have been used for many years, because large amounts of pathogens remain, thorough disinfection is required. 1 bag of Baibing Quwuzong mixed with 40g phoxim pesticide, sprayed carpet-style over 20 sq m, then the mushroom shed sealed, the straw curtains rolled up to sun the shed; after 2 days of sealing, apply the pesticide again and continue sealing and sunning the shed, and only after 2-7 days can bags be brought in for spawn running. In addition, the area outside the shed must also be strictly cleaned up, thoroughly clearing contaminated spawn bags as well as waste materials such as spent mushroom substrate, and contaminated spawn bags, diseased fruiting bodies, and cultivation waste must not be discarded randomly.

IV. Material Preparation

1. Raw materials. According to the variety, season, and cultivation quantity in the production plan, purchase and store raw materials as early as possible, and use local materials as much as possible. For example, to cultivate button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus), wheat straw or rice straw, cow manure, chicken manure, etc. should be collected or purchased as early as possible; to cultivate oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus), sufficient cottonseed hulls, corn cobs, or other crop straws need to be reserved; to produce shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes), hard broadleaf wood chips should be prepared in advance, or wood chips can be processed on one's own from branches or tree stumps.

2. Casing soil materials. Casing soil materials for edible fungi commonly include peat soil, chaff soil, humus soil, and ordinary soil. ①Peat soil has the best effect as a casing soil material for edible fungi, but is relatively expensive. ②Chaff soil. For every 100 sq m of cultivation area, prepare 4000kg of river mud and 500kg of rice husks. The river mud should be sun-dried and crushed, the rice husks soaked in 4% lime water for 20 hours, the two fully mixed, and water added to adjust the moisture content to 20%, then piled for fermentation, and finally covered with plastic film. Turn the pile once every 2-4 days; after turning 3-4 times, spread it out to let the odor dissipate, and then it can be used. ③Humus soil. The formula for humus soil (kg): cow manure powder 600-1000, soybean cake 100, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 80, urea 40, lime powder 60, gypsum powder 30. Choose an open area of about 25 sq m near a water source, pile soil 10cm high around the perimeter, crush and mix the materials evenly, spread them evenly over the open area, turn to a depth of 20cm, level slightly, and irrigate until the water is level with the surrounding embankment. After 10 days, turn again while carrying water, and continue to maintain the water surface height. If the temperature is relatively high, after 7-10 days foul-smelling bubbles will emerge on the water surface; when the temperature is above 30°C, after turning 3-4 times, drain the water, and naturally sun-dry until there are many wide, deep cracks on the surface. Then remove the soil layer, crush it while sun-drying, spray with fungicide, cover with plastic film for 7 days, and it can be used. ④Ordinary soil. For every 100 sq m of mushroom shed, take 5000kg of soil below the 20cm plow layer, sun-dry it, crush it, and sieve it. Then mix and spray with 800-fold phoxim until the soil particles are all coated with the pesticide solution, pile up and cover with plastic film, and it can be taken for use after one week. When using, spread out the soil pile, let the waste gas inside the soil volatilize slightly, and then it can be brought into the shed for casing soil.