Pollution-Free Control Methods and Technical Key Points for Edible Mushroom Diseases
In the process of edible mushroom production, as long as management is carried out according to the biological characteristics of the selected mushroom strain, physiological diseases will not occur. When infectious diseases occur, pesticides must be applied in accordance with pollution-free requirements, with prevention as the priority, and never use pesticides casually.
Long-stemmed mushrooms and unopened caps are typical symptoms of oxygen deficiency, especially when semi-underground mushroom sheds are used for cultivation. This phenomenon occurs commonly, severely reducing mushroom quality and affecting production efficiency. Solution: strengthen ventilation management. In low-temperature seasons, open the ventilation openings and door between 10 AM and 2 PM. When mushroom sheds are cultivated in concentrated blocks, forced ventilation can be used, and normal growth can be restored in about 3 days. Do not use any pesticides.
Clenched-fist mushrooms and outward-curling gills: there are mainly three causes of this phenomenon. First, the introduced mushroom strain has not undergone virus elimination treatment and carries certain unknown viruses or pathogens itself. Second, the strain of this variety is not suited to low-temperature fruiting and develops a clenched-fist shape due to low-temperature stimulation. Third, drugs of unknown composition have been added to the substrate, or certain sensitive drugs have been used during mushroom shed treatment or management, causing poisoning of the fruiting bodies. When this situation occurs, the production and operation process should be analyzed. If it is a strain problem, then there is no remedy and one can only learn from the lesson to prevent introducing virus-carrying strains again. If it is due to low temperature, one can try to raise the shed temperature, or wait for the temperature to rise before fruiting again. In cases of drug poisoning, remedial measures should be implemented according to the type of drug. In mild cases, spraying Sanwei Jingsu solution can have a relieving effect and can greatly increase yield.
Necrotic-edged mushrooms and tumor-capped mushrooms are typical symptoms of cold damage. There are two causes. First, the introduced strain is not tolerant to low temperatures; this type of strain can develop the condition at around 5°C. Second, the shed temperature is too low; even low-temperature strains find it difficult to tolerate a below-zero freezing environment, and generally the temperature should be maintained above 5°C. Keeping low-temperature strains above 0°C can avoid the occurrence of this phenomenon.
Black-edged mushrooms: this symptom is generally a genetic trait problem of the strain. At present there is no effective remedy, and prevention can only be achieved by introducing good strains from trusted units when introducing cultures.
Yellow-leaf mushrooms manifest as yellowing caps and small, thin gills. In severe cases, the entire cap surface turns yellow and eventually dies. This condition is caused by bacterial infection. Many people have continuously used various drugs, but the treatment effect is not obvious. Solution: remove all infected mushroom bodies and continuously spray Huanggu Yipenling solution 2 to 3 times, which can suppress it.