How to do a good job of disinfection and sterilization treatment for edible mushroom greenhouses

In edible mushroom cultivation, the most important thing to pay attention to is the problem of disease and pest control, and the essence of the problem, in the final analysis, is actually a matter of prevention. Therefore, in the entire production process of edible mushrooms, always adhering to the principle of "prevention first" is very necessary for every producer. Through hotline consultation content, combined with the actual situation of surveys, the author found that quite a few mushroom farmer friends are very vague about the disinfection (sterilization) and killing (bacteria) treatment of mushroom greenhouses, or even indifferent to it. Some, although already somewhat aware, have treatment measures that cannot be fully implemented, thus making them "have no idea in their hearts" about the probability or trend of disease and pest occurrence in cultivation and production. When diseases and pests strike, they become flustered, and even use pesticides indiscriminately, which not only wastes manpower and financial resources, but also causes mushroom products to carry a large amount of pesticide residues. This article specifically discusses the issue of mushroom greenhouse treatment with the broad community of mushroom farmer friends, hoping it can be helpful to readers' production.

Principles for the construction requirements of mushroom greenhouses

The construction of mushroom greenhouses should be determined according to each person's production plan and production direction, and cannot be generalized. For example, mushroom farmers planning year-round cultivation can raise the standard of the mushroom greenhouse a bit, preferably a winter-warm greenhouse; when mainly engaging in off-season production, the walls should be thickened as much as possible, and a "greenhouse water-temperature air conditioner" should be installed. This can not only maximize heat preservation, but also achieve free temperature control, laying the foundation for off-season production. Some mushroom farmers still only carry out one batch of cultivation in autumn and winter, so there is no need to build a high-standard mushroom greenhouse; a single-slope, flat-type greenhouse can be built, or even built against a slope or wall. Simple facilities also cost much less. However, no matter what kind of mushroom greenhouse it is, one principle must be grasped, namely that it can basically achieve the purposes of ventilation, heat preservation, and moisture retention. In particular, ventilation holes should be as close to the ground as possible. In the past, some "earth mushroom greenhouses" had walls on all four sides and were completely airtight, causing diseases to run rampant and bringing too great losses to mushroom farmers' production. The lesson can be described as profound.

Disinfection and sterilization treatment of the mushroom greenhouse environment

Strengthen the concept of "environment" and strictly disinfect and sterilize. It is worth noting that our production environment has begun to deteriorate day by day. For example, contaminated fungus bags, diseased mushroom bodies, and cultivation waste are discarded at will, making them new "disease source bases," causing frequent diseases and accompanying cross-infection, making continuous production increasingly difficult. This phenomenon began to appear in the 1990s and has still not been effectively addressed to this day. For base-type production, we have always emphasized the issue of improving this "environment." Under conditions where large-scale treatment cannot be achieved, disinfection and sterilization measures can be strengthened within the base: clean up sanitation outside the cultivation greenhouses, including around the operating site; strictly clean up stables and toilets, garbage, and the like; especially thoroughly clean up contaminated fungus bags and spent mushroom substrate waste; and spray a high-concentration mixed solution of carbendazim and dichlorvos to kill bacteria and insects. Where the environment is poor, the medication should be applied twice consecutively.

Disinfection and sterilization treatment of new mushroom greenhouses

Inside the greenhouse, drugs such as Baibing Quwuzong and phoxim can be used. The general dosage is 1 bag of Baibing Quwuzong mixed with 50g of phoxim, sprayed over about 30 square meters. The targets of application are the ground, walls, and pillars, etc., and carpet-style spraying is required. Then seal the mushroom greenhouse, roll up the grass curtains to sun-expose the greenhouse, and after sealing for 2 days, bags can be brought in for mycelium growth or mushroom fruiting. For preventive medication during the mycelium growth and fruiting periods, spray mushroom disease-killing agent or Baibing Quwuzong about once every 5 days, but be careful not to spray directly on the fruiting bodies.

Disinfection and sterilization treatment of old mushroom greenhouses

For mushroom greenhouses that have been used continuously for many years, it is inevitable that a considerable number of miscellaneous fungi, pathogenic bacteria spores, and pests exist inside. Therefore, thoroughly carrying out disinfection and sterilization treatment is even more necessary. Generally, 1 bag of Baibing Quwuzong can be mixed with 40g of phoxim, sprayed carpet-style over about 20 square meters, then seal the mushroom greenhouse, roll up the grass curtains to sun-expose the greenhouse, and after sealing for 2 days, apply the medication again and continue sealed sun-exposure of the greenhouse. Only after 2 to 7 days can bags be brought in for mycelium growth.

Finally, one point is specially raised for the reference of our broad readers: for autumn cultivation, especially early autumn cultivation, mushroom farmers who cultivate from August to October are advised, before treating the mushroom greenhouse, to first pour a large amount of water into the greenhouse. After the water has seeped down, carry out chemical disinfection and sterilization as described above. Then, before the fungus bags are moved into the greenhouse, spread fresh lime powder inside the greenhouse at a rate of 0.25kg per square meter, and afterward move the fungus bags in. In this way, the greenhouse temperature can be lowered, and the activity of certain miscellaneous fungi and pathogenic bacteria can be inhibited to the greatest extent, thereby reducing the probability of disease occurrence.