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What is the story behind "ground bud mushrooms," also known as "soil-topping mushrooms"?

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Symptoms: They mainly appear at the early fruiting stage. The fruiting bodies are attached at a low position, usually inside the compost, on the surface of the compost, or in the lower part of the coarse soil layer, and after growing they break through the soil and push up through the mud. Causes: 1. Soil is mixed into the compost, or the casing layer is unevenly dry and wet. When the temperature, humidity, and air conditions inside the compost are suitable for fruiting body growth, the mycelium twists around the soil, thickens, and forms primordia. After the primordia differentiate, they grow upward and push up through the mud. If upward conditions are unsuitable, they will even turn around and grow downward under the bed, forming bottom-of-bed mushrooms. 2. If the coarse soil is watered over too long a period, and after watering the mushroom house is ventilated too much and the temperature in the mushroom house drops, mycelial growth into the coarse soil is inhibited and fruiting is promoted too early. If the fine soil is applied too late or too thickly, if watering is not timely, if watering is too fast or too urgent, or if ventilation lasts too long after watering, the soil layer lacks sufficient moisture and the mycelium does not climb onto the fine soil for a long time, all of which lower the fruiting position. 3. If water is sprayed too early or too urgently at the fruiting stage, or if the amount of water sprayed is too large, upward growth of the mycelium in the soil layer is inhibited, forcing the mycelium to twist together among the coarse soil particles, thereby lowering the fruiting position, causing sparse fruiting and abnormal fruiting positions, and increasing the number of ground bud mushrooms.

Symptoms: They mainly appear at the early fruiting stage. The fruiting bodies are attached at a low position, usually inside the compost, on the surface of the compost, or in the lower part of the coarse soil layer, and after growing they break through the soil and push up through the mud.

Causes: 1. Soil is mixed into the compost, or the casing layer is unevenly dry and wet. When the temperature, humidity, and air conditions inside the compost are suitable for fruiting body growth, the mycelium twists around the soil, thickens, and forms primordia. After the primordia differentiate, they grow upward and push up through the mud. If upward conditions are unsuitable, they will even turn around and grow downward under the bed, forming bottom-of-bed mushrooms. 2. If the coarse soil is watered over too long a period, and after watering the mushroom house is ventilated too much and the temperature in the mushroom house drops, mycelial growth into the coarse soil is inhibited and fruiting is promoted too early. If the fine soil is applied too late or too thickly, if watering is not timely, if watering is too fast or too urgent, or if ventilation lasts too long after watering, the soil layer lacks sufficient moisture and the mycelium does not climb onto the fine soil for a long time, all of which lower the fruiting position. 3. If water is sprayed too early or too urgently at the fruiting stage, or if the amount of water sprayed is too large, upward growth of the mycelium in the soil layer is inhibited, forcing the mycelium to twist together among the coarse soil particles, thereby lowering the fruiting position, causing sparse fruiting and abnormal fruiting positions, and increasing the number of ground bud mushrooms.

Preventive measures: 1. When spreading the compost, pick out all soil clumps mixed into it. 2. Apply the casing soil evenly, and cover with fine soil as much as possible before small mushroom buds have formed in the coarse soil layer. 3. Water the soil layer evenly and ventilate appropriately; reduce ventilation after watering. 4. During the mycelial cultivation stage in the soil layer, control the temperature of the mushroom house well, prevent the temperature from being too low, and maintain a certain relative air humidity (about 85%) to promote mycelial growth into the soil layer, raise the mycelial growth position, and spray the fruiting water properly and in the right amount at the right time to prevent early fruiting and too low a fruiting position.

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