How to prevent and treat deformed mushrooms? First, identify the common types

Deformed mushrooms take many forms. The main ones commonly seen in production are: landmine mushrooms, hollow mushrooms, big-bottom mushrooms, hard cap opening and early cap opening, red roots, and water rust spots.

Landmine mushrooms. The main cause is that the casing soil material is too coarse, the soil is rather hard, the casing layer is thick, the surface of the casing layer contains relatively little water, while the temperature and humidity conditions of the lower part and the substrate are suitable for fruiting body formation and growth, so fruiting bodies are easily differentiated and formed on the surface of the substrate or in the middle and lower layers of the casing soil, and then push out through the soil surface. Solution: choose high-quality humus soil, preferably peat soil, and mix in a certain amount of rotted cow manure or wheat bran, etc. in proportion; when collecting and sun-drying the soil, it should be sieved so that most soil particles remain comparable in size to @#@245@#@ particles, with the largest about 1/2 the size of a corn kernel, accompanied by some soil particles; casing is generally about 3 cm, and if conditions permit, first apply a layer of coarse soil 1-1.5 cm thick, then fine soil, and pay attention to maintaining uniform moisture content.

Hollow mushrooms. This is caused by insufficient water content in the casing layer, or relatively low water content in the substrate, so that the mushroom body's demand for water to maintain normal growth cannot be met. In addition to solving the water content problem of the casing layer, appropriate shed humidity is an effective auxiliary measure, generally adjustable within the range of 85-90%; too high or too low is unfavorable.

Big-bottom mushrooms. The causes are sudden rises and drops in shed temperature, large temperature differences, or exposure to cold or hot air, causing unbalanced growth of the cap and stipe; or excessively low shed humidity while the casing layer moisture is suitable, all of which can lead to big-bottom mushrooms. In addition, certain chemicals can also cause this type of deformed mushroom.

Hard cap opening. The cause is a day-night temperature difference in the mushroom room exceeding 10°C, or hard cap opening caused by cold air. Excessive fruiting density, excessively high temperature, excessively low humidity, and fruiting bodies growing quickly with thin stipes and thin caps can all cause early cap opening. The prevention method is to add curtains outside the house when temperature changes sharply, maintaining basically stable indoor temperature and humidity.

Red roots. Excessive watering during the high-temperature stage before fruiting, excessive water content in the casing layer, acidic compost, excessive application of sugar materials, and poor ventilation can all lead to red roots. Care should be taken to keep the water content of the casing soil between 22-25%, and avoid spraying water during high temperatures. Topdressing should be appropriate, and sugar should be used in proper amount. If red roots are found, some clear lime water can be sprayed appropriately.

Water rust spots. After mushrooms are sprayed with water multiple times, doors and windows should be opened for 0.5-1 hour for ventilation. Otherwise, if the humidity in the mushroom house is too high, small water droplets will remain on the mushroom surface, and after a slightly longer time rust-colored spots will form.

In addition, certain chemicals, oily substances, and gases such as diesel commonly used in rural areas, dichlorvos commonly used on edible fungi, and carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide produced by heating stoves can also cause several other types of deformed mushrooms. The specific situation should be carefully analyzed, the cause identified, and the right remedy applied, so as to avoid production losses.