Causes and Control Methods of Twisted Mushrooms
The main symptom of twisted mushrooms is that the stipe elongates in a spiral shape, and when broken open, the stipe changes from cylindrical to flat and strip-like; growers call them "fried dough twist mushrooms." Although they are edible, they do not meet canning standards. Twisted mushrooms usually occur only sporadically within mushroom clusters.
Apart from being related to the cultivated variety, the causes include weak development of young mushrooms, overly dense mushroom clusters, insufficient growing space, and constantly changing light direction, all of which can cause excessive twisting of the stipe.
The prevention method is to thin out the cultivation bags and not casually move bags (bottles) that have already produced fruiting bodies.