Key technical points for autumn and winter management of mulberry trees, tea trees and fruit trees

I. Winter management of mulberry fields Doing a good job of winter management of mulberry fields lays a solid foundation for the growth of mulberry trees in the coming year and is also an important measure for increasing the yield and quality of mulberry fields.

1. Clearing the field: After the mulberry leaves fall, collect all the residual leaves and weeds in the mulberry field to make compost or burn them, so as to eliminate pathogenic bacteria and overwintering pests hidden in the mulberry leaves and weeds.

2. Bundling: Before winter plowing, use rice straw to bundle the mulberry branches together, which not only facilitates winter plowing and fertilization, but also lures pests to hide in the bundled straw to overwinter, making it easier to capture and kill them.

3. Winter plowing: Control the plowing depth at about 20 cm. After plowing, do not break up the soil clods; let them weather naturally, which helps improve the physical and chemical properties and increase soil fertility.

4. Winter fertilizer: For organic fertilizer, household mixed fertilizer is preferable, applied in furrows or holes.

5. Tip pruning: Tip pruning can increase the germination rate, reduce flowers and fruits and diseases, and increase mulberry leaf yield. Carry out tip pruning from late December to early January, preferably by horizontal tip pruning, cutting off 1/4-1/5 of the branch length.

6. Branch training: Before sap flow begins, prune off branches affected by pests and diseases, thin and weak branches, dead knuckles and dead stubs from the mulberry trees, and burn them to prevent pests and diseases from lying dormant and spreading.

II. Winter management of tea trees

1. Spray the whole tea tree with 0.4-0.5 degrees Baume lime-sulfur mixture to close the garden.

2. Apply 150 kg of decomposed cake fertilizer in holes or furrows, or 100 kg of special compound fertilizer for tea, and complete the application of base fertilizer in November.

3. In conjunction with fertilization, clear weeds in and around the garden to reduce overwintering habitats for pests.

4. For expanding tea gardens, select good varieties, deep-plow furrows in the tea garden, apply base fertilizer deeply, adopt double-row single-plant planting, low-hole cultivation and low-position pruning, and strive to complete planting this winter and next spring.

III. Autumn and winter management of fruit trees Currently it is the leaf-falling period for peaches, pears and grapes, and fruit growers should strengthen orchard management.

1. Carry out a comprehensive cleanup of the orchard once, clean the old bark on the trunks, repair large wounds, prune pest- and disease-affected branches, pest- and disease-affected fruits, immature branches and dead branches once, and carry them out of the orchard to bury deeply or burn in a centralized way. Apply whitewash to the main trunk and spray the branches and trunk once with "Bibei" and so on for sterilization and insect repellent, so as to reduce the base number of orchard pests and diseases the following year. The fallen leaves can be appropriately gathered and buried in the orchard as fertilizer. For compacted orchard plots with heavy soil clay content that were not improved and fertilized in September-October, apply fertilizer as much as possible before freezing (that is, before the end of November). You can use loosening materials (rice husk, sawdust, etc.) plus decomposed organic fertilizer (such as Lijiang brand organic fertilizer) and plow them into the soil. Take care to minimize damage to the fruit tree root system, and irrigate promptly after fertilization. In addition, strengthen the cleaning and renovation of ditches and channels.

2. For orchards with vigorous tree growth and dense planting, strengthen thinning. If they are trellis grapes, they can be changed to horizontal trellis, so as to avoid excessive pruning causing continued vigorous growth of fruit trees the following year. Fruit growers should establish the idea of reducing yield to seek quality. The yield of high-quality fruit is calculated by effective leaf area per unit (that is, leaf area capable of photosynthesis), not by how many fruit trees per mu.

3. Winter pruning of fruit trees should follow the basic principles of fruit tree pruning: clear primary and secondary structure, clear main branches and leading branches, reasonable arrangement of side branches and fruiting branch groups, even distribution and appropriate spacing. The degree of pruning depends on tree vigor. Vigorous trees should be pruned lightly and left to extend, opening up the tree shape, reducing the amount of pruning and moderating tree vigor. Old trees and weak trees should be renewal-pruned to rejuvenate tree vigor. The purpose is to achieve a balance between tree vigor and fruiting.