How to care for Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' in summer and winter? Shade in summer and temperature control in winter
Summer and winter are the two seasons with the greatest climate contrast in a year, and many plants will have trouble adjusting as they grow, and Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' is no exception. Regarding how to care for Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' in summer? How to care for Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' in winter? There are many points to note. Below, the editor will walk you through them.
I. How to care for Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' in summer
1. Watering, twice a day
Summer is the season with the highest temperatures of the year, and the air is relatively dry. In this season, Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' enters a semi-dormant state. At this time, we need to keep the potting soil on the dry side, but the air humidity still needs to be maintained. We should spray its leaves every day to maintain air humidity, and a frequency of twice a day is generally enough.
2. Light, keep it in a semi-shaded spot indoors
Although Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' needs a certain amount of light during its growth process, this also depends on the timing. After summer arrives, we can let it receive a few hours of sunlight in the morning, and when the sunlight becomes stronger at noon, we should promptly move it to a semi-shaded spot indoors, so the plant is not scorched and does not develop yellowing, drying, and similar problems.
3. Pruning, prune new shoots
Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' is a plant that tolerates pruning particularly well, and the plant also has strong apical dominance. After summer arrives, we need to prune the newly grown shoots in stages, and a pruning length of generally one half of the shoot is enough. This can allow new buds on the sides to grow new branches, and it can also help extend the flowering period.
II. How to care for Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' in winter
1. Temperature, keep it above 5°C
Winter is the coldest season of the year. In this season, we should preferably grow Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' indoors, and letting it receive a few hours of light at noon each day when the temperature rises is enough. When we grow it indoors, we should preferably keep the indoor temperature above 5°C, so the plant is not frostbitten by temperatures that are too low.
2. Moisture, control the amount of watering
After winter arrives, the growth rate of Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' becomes slow, so when we water, we should decide based on the situation. If its leaves are upright and pointing upward, it means water and fertilizer are relatively normal, and we can just maintain the status quo. If the leaves droop, it means watering is too much or too frequent, and at this time we need to reduce the amount of watering.
3. Freeze protection, add an appropriate amount of antifreeze water
In winter we generally grow Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' indoors, but even if it is grown indoors, we still need to take freeze-protection measures. We need to pour an appropriate amount of antifreeze water into the soil, which can improve the resistance of Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' to severe cold weather, thereby allowing it to pass through winter smoothly.
How to care for Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' in winter
Winter care methods for Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata'
Placement location
After Frost's Descent, move Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' indoors for care. During the day, place it by a south-facing window to receive sunlight, and at night move it to a warmer spot indoors. Do not place it by the window, to avoid frost damage from temperatures that are too low. In winter, ensure the indoor temperature is above 5°C, and open the windows for ventilation when the weather is clear.
Fertilization requirements
The potting soil for Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' does not need base fertilizer, and liquid fertilizer should be applied frequently as a top dressing. However, note that raw fertilizer and concentrated fertilizer are taboo, and ants and earthworms must not appear in the potting soil (although earthworms help enhance soil fertility, having earthworms in household potted plants is still a bit disgusting). When fertilizing, it is better to be dilute than concentrated.
For liquid fertilizer, mainly choose soybean water or potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution. If the fertilizer is too concentrated, water promptly, watering several times in a row, so the fertilizer drains out from the bottom of the pot and fertilizer damage is reduced. Then place the pot in a ventilated spot so the potting soil dries as quickly as possible.
Watering method
In winter, Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' grows relatively slowly, so watering should depend on the situation. If the leaves are upright and pointing upward, it means water and fertilizer are normal; if the leaves droop, it means watering is too much or too frequent. Once the cause is found, correct it promptly.
If root rot is caused by overwatering, handle it promptly. Take the plant out of the pot in time, cut off the rotten roots, clean them with fungicide, and then replant. Of course, to help the plant recover as quickly as possible, you can cut off part of the upper leaves to reduce nutrient consumption.
What to do if Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' drops buds in winter
The flowering period of Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' is mainly in winter, but the winter environment is harsh, and improper care can easily cause bud drop. Prepare in advance and pay attention to the following points:
Temperature control
Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' likes warmth and cannot tolerate strong light. Too-strong sunlight and low temperatures can both cause bud drop. In addition to controlling temperature, also note that in a stuffy environment, Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' is very prone to mosaic disease, which can cause massive bud drop, so spray Bordeaux mixture promptly for prevention and control.
Fertilization
After autumn arrives, pay attention to fertilization, applying thin fertilizer frequently until the flower buds bloom. Before the flower buds form, mainly use phosphorus fertilizer; after the flower buds form, you can switch to potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for foliar spraying or root drenching, and the fertilizer water should be sprayed evenly on both the front and back of the leaves. In this way, before winter arrives, the flower buds are already growing firmly on the branches, and there is no need to worry about bud drop!
Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' Daphne odora "Aureomarginata" Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' illustrated guide: how to grow Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' / how to propagate Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata'
Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' profileDaphne odora 'Aureomarginata' Daphne odora "Aureomarginata"
Cultivation methods and precautions for Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' Introduction to Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata'
Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' is a traditional famous flower of our country and also a world-famous flower. In modern horticultural history, it was praised together with Changchun monk's Clivia and Japan's five-needle pine as the three treasures of horticulture. Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' is famous worldwide for the four excellences of "color, fragrance, posture, and charm," leaving behind the verse "The peony is the national beauty and heavenly fragrance, but the golden-edged daphne is the finest."
Morphological characteristics of Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata'
Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' is a variety of daphne, an evergreen small shrub in the family Thymelaeaceae, genus Daphne. It has a fleshy root system. The leaves are densely whorled, elliptical, about 5-6 cm long and 2-3 cm wide, with a smooth, thick, leathery leaf surface, hairless on both sides, dark green on the surface, light green on the underside, with golden-yellow leaf margins and short, thick petioles; it bears terminal head inflorescences, with a tubular perianth, four-lobed at the upper end and about 1.5 cm in diameter. Each flower is composed of dozens of small florets, opening from the outside inward, with a flowering period of more than two months, and the peak flowering period during the Spring Festival. The flower color is bright purplish-red, and the fragrance is rich.
Ecological habits of Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata'
For potted Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata', the potting soil should preferably be fertile, loose, humus-rich, acidic leaf mold, mixed with an appropriate amount of river sand and decomposed cake fertilizer. The roots of Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' are fleshy, so in routine care and management, special attention should be paid to controlling watering. If watered too much and the potting soil remains too wet for a long time, root rot is likely to occur. After rain, the accumulated water in the pot must be poured out promptly.
Although Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' likes semi-shade, in winter and spring it should be placed in an environment with sunlight. During the growing period, if light is sufficient and fertilizer efficiency is suitable, the branches can be plump and the leaves dark, and the flowers bright and fragrant. In summer, it should be placed in a well-ventilated, cool place, and during hot weather, water should be sprayed to lower the temperature. Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' relatively likes fertilizer, and during the growing season, a thin liquid fertilizer should be applied about once every 10 days. Before and after flowering, apply a thin cake fertilizer water once each as a top dressing. After Frost's Descent, move it indoors to a sunny spot, keep the room temperature at around 5°C, and control watering; keep the soil moisture content at around 45%, so it can pass the winter safely. In addition, Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' has clustered branches and strong sprouting ability, tolerates pruning, and must be pruned after flowering.
Distribution area of Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata'
Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' originates from the Yangtze River basin and grows in shaded, humid areas of low hills. According to the Song dynasty work Qing Yi Lu, an old monk at Mount Lu was sitting on a stone bench behind the temple in meditation, and in a dazed dream smelled an extremely strong, unusual fragrance. He rose joyfully and searched the fragrant grass around him, finding a plant with thick leaves and fragrant flowers. He transplanted it into a pot and offered it before the Buddha, naming it "Shuixiang" (Sleeping Fragrance). Soon the Spring Festival arrived, and the floral fragrance had not diminished. More and more people came to worship the Buddha, and people from all around found it wondrous, all saying it was bestowed by the old Buddha and was an auspicious sign for the year, so the name was changed to Ruixiang (Auspicious Fragrance). Afterward, more and more people collected seeds, and through long ages of artificial cultivation and domestication, from among the parent varieties in which bud sports occurred in the daphne flower, the golden-edged Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' was selected.
"Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata'" is produced in Dayu County, Ganzhou, Jiangxi. In March 1996, Dayu County was named by the China Specialty Economy Professional Committee and other relevant departments as the country's only "China's Hometown of Daphne."
Cultivation techniques for Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata'
Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' is the first-choice variety for potted flowers because of its pure flowers and rich fragrance. The propagation method of Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' mainly uses cuttings from old branches and tender branches. This method has the characteristics of a high survival rate, being simple and easy to learn, and saving labor and effort. It is briefly introduced as follows:
1. Collection of cuttings
Old-branch cuttings are taken before the plant sprouts in spring, generally from late March to early April, choosing 1-year-old thick, strong branches that are robust, well developed, free of pests and diseases, and with plump buds. Tender-branch cuttings are taken from June to July using vigorous branches of the current year.
2. Cutting and treatment of cuttings
Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' is generally cut according to the upper, middle, and lower three parts of the stock shoot, with middle and upper branches being best and the tip being worst. Old-branch cuttings require a thickness of more than 1 cm, with a cut length of 15 cm; tender-branch cuttings are generally cut to a length of 10-12 cm, retaining only 2-3 leaves at the top of the branch and cutting off all the rest. If the retained leaves are too large, in order to reduce transpiration, 1/3-1/2 should also be cut off from each retained leaf. After cutting the cuttings, soak them in a 0.5%-5% sugar solution for 10-12 days, then take them out and insert them for cuttings.
3. Cutting technique
Choose a cutting medium with good permeability and a pH value of around 5, generally using water-retaining fine sandy soil or vermiculite. Before cutting, split the base of the cutting from the middle with a sharp knife to a length of 1.5-2 cm, then immediately insert a small stone in the middle so it does not close, increasing the contact area between the base of the cutting and the medium, which helps the cutting take root. Insert 1/3-1/2 of the cutting into the medium and press the medium firm.
4. Management after cutting
After cutting, keep the cutting soil moist frequently and promptly supply the water needed for the cuttings to take root, keeping the temperature at 20-25°C. At the beginning of the seedling stage, frequently water with a small amount of clean water, just enough to penetrate the medium. Never use muddy water or flood irrigation, to prevent young leaves from getting mud on them and suffering scorch damage. At the same time, pay attention to shading and avoid direct sunlight. The root system of Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' has a fragrance, so prevent ants and earthworms from eating it. Generally, cuttings can take root in 30-35 days.
Disease control for Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata': control of stem rot
Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' is a precious flower and tree loved by the public, but it is delicate and difficult to grow. The main cause is stem rot.
Symptoms: In the early stage of the disease, it is not easy to notice. The first part to show the disease is the root crown. The phloem of the diseased part turns black and rots, gradually spreading toward the roots. However, the xylem appears normal, and the leaves remain green and normal and do not fall even until death, with no disease symptoms found on the surface.
2. Disease characteristics: The disease occurs from June to October, with the peak from July to September. At this time, it is exactly the period of high temperature and strong light. According to observation, the incidence rate for plants placed in sunlight all day was 37.5%, while for those shaded from sunlight from 9:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m., it was only 5%.
Diseased plants are mainly 1-year-old to 5-year-old plants that grow rapidly in spring and have many leaves, and the disease is highly contagious.
Regarding the growing soil, the incidence rate for potting soil that dries easily was significantly higher than for soil with better water retention. The incidence rate for soil with 80% leaf mold content and 20% river sand was significantly lower than for soil with equal amounts of leaf mold and river sand. Soil with 100% burnt manure soil had a lower incidence rate than soil with a high sand content.
Control methods: Based on the disease characteristics of Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' and three years of practice, the control of stem rot can be approached from five aspects:
1. Selection of growing soil: Choose humus-rich soil with good drainage and water retention. This kind of soil can be obtained by directly digging surface leaf mold from mountain forest areas and then mixing in a small amount of river sand and decomposed cake fertilizer, or by choosing garden soil and adding some leaf mold and a small amount of river sand.
Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' cultivated in a shed
Decomposed cake fertilizer is also acceptable.
2. Selection of the placement environment for potted flowers: Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' is a plant that likes a cool, ventilated environment. From June to October, from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m., potted flowers should be placed in a cool place. Or use a shade frame to solve the problem.
3. Timely pruning: For plants that grow vigorously in spring and have many branches and leaves, carry out pinching and leaf removal, and thin out excessive newly sprouted branches, to control excessively rapid water evaporation.
4. Water management: In summer and autumn, the soil must be kept moist, preferring wet over dry, to ensure the plant's water supply.
5. Handling of diseased plants: Once a plant becomes diseased, immediately dispose of the diseased plant together with the potting soil, and the flower pot should be rinsed and disinfected. Other plants that are not diseased should be watered and washed with 500-fold carbendazim for disinfection, to prevent the disease from spreading.
In short, for stem rot, comprehensive control should be carried out, with prevention as the priority. For 1-year-old to 5-year-old plants, on the basis of choosing good growing soil and doing good shading work in summer and autumn, the occurrence of stem rot can generally be controlled relatively well. [5]
Control of leaf spot disease
Symptoms: At the beginning of the disease, small chlorotic round spots appear on the leaf surface, which later expand into relatively large nearly circular lesions. The lesion size is variable and there is black mold. The onset time is from April to September. The lower leaves of the plant are affected first, gradually spreading to the middle and upper leaves, and in severe cases the leaves all drop off, the growth becomes weak, and the whole plant dies.
Control methods: Water reasonably, prevent waterlogging, strengthen ventilation, apply more decomposed liquid fertilizer rich in phosphorus and potassium, promptly clean up diseased plant fallen leaves and burn them in a centralized manner, and in early spring you can also spray 1% Bordeaux mixture for prevention. During the disease period, use mancozeb, carbendazim, and thiophanate-methyl at 500-800-fold and spray alternately on the leaf surface every 7-10 days, for 3-4 consecutive cycles.
Control of wilt disease
Symptoms: At the beginning of the disease, old leaves turn yellow, become brown, and dry up, gradually spreading to the upper old leaves. The onset time is mostly when temperatures rise in spring. The pathogen invades from root wounds, and the disease is especially severe in hot, rainy seasons. Generally, from onset to death, the disease course is usually 15-45 days, and the harmfulness is extremely great.
Control methods: Cultivate reasonably, promptly clean up and destroy diseased leaves and branches when disease is found, and disinfect the soil with formalin solution or quintozene before potting. In the early stage of the disease, irrigate the roots with 800-****-fold carbendazim or benomyl solution once a week, for 5-6 consecutive irrigations, with obvious effect.
Medicinal or edible value of Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata'
The medical information and health dietary information on Hugarden are for reference only and cannot be used as a basis for diagnosis or medical treatment. For any health problem, consult professional medical personnel, and for the treatment of any disease, please follow doctor's orders.
Ultimate flower-protecting task: To love yourself, start from reality and follow doctor's orders carefully. For illness, do not be careless, do not delay, do not give up hope, face it bravely, warm the silent world with love, and care for the flower field in your heart with your heart.
Medicinal value
Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' contains daphnin. Its roots, stems, leaves, and flowers can all be used as medicine. It is sweet in nature and non-toxic, and has the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, reducing inflammation and relieving pain, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, and dissipating nodules. It has been included in the compilation of the Dictionary of Chinese Materia Medica.
Dayu County, the hometown of Chinese daphne, has a long history of cultivating Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' and is the main production base of Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' in our country. The Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' produced by this county is good in quality and large in quantity, supplying seedlings of Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' to all parts of the country each year and selling hundreds of thousands of potted plants annually, and is also exported to Southeast Asia.
The economic and social benefits are both very good. Many farmers have escaped poverty and become rich by growing Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata', and many laid-off workers have found a way to re-employ by growing flowers, with economic income greatly increased compared with when they were employed. Because the development of the flower industry has also driven the prosperity of related industries, it has thereby promoted the overall economic development of Dayu County.
According to the compilation of the "Dictionary of Chinese Materia Medica," the roots, stems, leaves, and flowers can all be used as medicine. It is sweet in nature and non-toxic, and has the functions of clearing heat and relieving heat, reducing inflammation and swelling, and promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.
In folk use, fresh leaves are often mashed to treat sore throat, toothache, bloody boils, and heat carbuncles, and the flowers are soaked in wine for wiping and applying to unnamed swellings and various skin diseases.
The main medicinal component of Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' is "daphnin."
Its flowers, leaves, bark, and roots can all be used as medicine. It is sweet, cold, and non-toxic. It has the effects of reducing inflammation and detoxifying, promoting blood circulation and promoting urination, reducing swelling and relieving pain, and dissipating blood stasis and invigorating blood. It can treat unnamed swellings, boils, mastitis, ulceration, toothache and sore throat, stomach disease, and so on.
The methods are as follows:
1. Pick several leaves of Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata', mash them, and apply to the affected area. It can treat bloody sores, ulceration, unnamed swellings, mastitis, and so on. Applying this several times can produce results.
2. Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' is a deciduous evergreen shrub. In spring, after new leaves grow out, the old leaves naturally fall off. Wash the naturally fallen leaves, dry them in the sun, and soak them in baijiu for later use. If there is an unnamed swelling, poisonous mosquito or insect bite, boil, and so on, wipe the affected area with it several times a day. If there is toothache, dip a cotton ball in the medicinal liquor and bite it with the painful tooth to relieve pain.
3. After the petals of Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' naturally fall off, pick them up and dry them in the sun, then soak them in sesame oil or tea oil. Apart from toothache, the usage is as above.
Uses and purposes of Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata': ornamental value
Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' blooms during the Spring Festival, with a flowering period of 60 days. Its posture is graceful and unrestrained, bending and extending naturally. Its leaves are neat and emerald green, with golden edges, yellow like gold and green like jade. The jade leaves with golden edges are luxuriant all year round.
The flowering period coincides exactly with the celebration of the Spring Festival, with floral fragrance accompanying the aroma of wine. Its flowers bloom all over the branches in clusters and bunches, rich and colorful like brocade, with a clear, rich fragrance, adding an auspicious sign to the New Year.
Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' is a traditional famous flower of our country and also a world-famous flower. In modern horticultural history, it was praised together with Changchun monk's Clivia and Japan's five-needle pine as the three treasures of horticulture.
First, its tree form is graceful, with vigorous branches, bending and extending naturally, full and graceful, with elegant charm, inner spirit, free and easy beauty, and full of vitality.
Second, golden slices and jade leaves, with golden edges on the leaf margins, neat and bright, verdant and deep green, luxuriant all year round, ornamental in all four seasons.
Third, it blooms at the right time, with the peak flowering period exactly at the beginning of the New Year. With its auspicious sign, it adds joy to people's celebration of the New Year and to welcoming and seeing off guests. With floral fragrance accompanying the aroma of wine, it is even more full of festive atmosphere.
Fourth, the flowering period is long, from bud formation changing from green to purplish-red. It opens tube by tube from the outside inward, rich and colorful like brocade, with a flowering period of more than two months.
Fifth, the floral fragrance is rich, spreading in all directions, filling the hall with fragrance and refreshing the heart. It has the momentum of gathering the essence of all flowers and the spirit of all fragrances. It is indeed a precious flower with excellent posture, color, fragrance, and charm, a top-grade New Year flower, and is deeply favored by the vast number of flower lovers; more and more people buy golden-edged daphne for the New Year, and it has become a new fashion.
Cultural background of Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata': origin of the flower name
There is also a legend about the origin of the flower name "Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata'": In early years, a monk traveled to Dayu. Because he felt tired, he rested against a stone. In his sleep, he smelled wave after wave of floral fragrance, and the scent was very strong. After waking up, the floral fragrance was indeed still there, so he went to look for it, and indeed found it, and then gave the flower the name "Shuixiang" (Sleeping Fragrance). Later, some people felt that the character "shui" meaning sleep was inelegant both when spoken and heard, so they changed the character "shui" to "rui."
The flower language of Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata'
Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' is famous worldwide for the four excellences of "color, fragrance, posture, and charm." It opens around the Spring Festival, with branches full of clusters and bunches, rich and colorful like brocade, and a clear, rich fragrance, adding an auspicious sign to the New Year, and thus becoming an object that adds auspiciousness and good fortune to people's homes during the Spring Festival. Therefore, the flower language of Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' is: auspiciousness and good fortune.
Pictures of Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata'