How to grow Nuphar pumila? A detailed guide to cultivation methods and precautions
The rhizome of Nuphar pumila can be used as medicine. After harvesting, the rhizome is freed of mud, washed, sliced and dried in the sun before use. It has many effects such as clearing heat and detoxifying, tonifying deficiency and stopping bleeding, and strengthening the spleen and nourishing the stomach. It is commonly used to treat various harmful symptoms in humans such as disharmony of the spleen and stomach, indigestion and neurasthenia
The rhizome of Nuphar pumila can be used as medicine. After harvesting, the rhizome is freed of mud, washed, sliced and dried in the sun before use. It has many effects such as clearing heat and detoxifying, tonifying deficiency and stopping bleeding, and strengthening the spleen and nourishing the stomach. It is commonly used to treat various harmful symptoms in humans such as disharmony of the spleen and stomach, indigestion and neurasthenia, and its therapeutic effects are particularly obvious. In addition, Nuphar pumila can also stop bleeding: after the root is used as medicine and ground into powder, it can be applied directly to a wound to stop bleeding quickly.
Now that you understand the medicinal value of Nuphar pumila, how should it be grown? Let us take a look next.
Nuphar pumila pumilum picture gallery: how to grow Nuphar pumila / how to propagate Nuphar pumila
Nuphar pumila profileNuphar pumila pumilum
Cultivation methods and precautions for Nuphar pumila, an introduction to Nuphar pumila
Nuphar pumila is a perennial floating-leaved aquatic herbaceous plant, with a thick, block-like rhizome that lies horizontally. The leaves are of two types; the floating leaves are papery or nearly leathery, round to ovate, 8-17 cm long, with entire margins, and the base is split into a deep heart shape.
The upper surface of the leaf of Nuphar pumila is green and glossy, while the underside is convex and covered with soft hairs. The lateral veins are fine and branch two-forked several times; the petiole is cylindrical. The submerged leaves are thin and soft. The flowers are solitary, with cylindrical flower stalks rising above the water surface; the flower buds are spherical and green. There are 5 sepals, obovate and wedge-shaped, yellow, and petal-like.
Morphological characteristics of Nuphar pumila
Nuphar pumila is a perennial floating-leaved aquatic herbaceous plant. The rhizome is thick and block-like, lying horizontally. The leaves are of two types; the floating leaves are papery or nearly leathery, round to ovate, 8-17 cm long, with entire margins, and the base is split into a deep heart shape. The upper surface of the leaf is green and glossy, while the underside is convex and covered with soft hairs. The lateral veins are fine and branch two-forked several times; the petiole is cylindrical. The submerged leaves are thin and soft. The flowers are solitary, with cylindrical flower stalks rising above the water surface; the flower buds are spherical and green. There are 5 sepals, obovate and wedge-shaped, yellow, and petal-like.
There are 10-20 petals, narrowly wedge-shaped, resembling sterile stamens, and they fall off; the stamens are numerous, borne on the receptacle at the base of the ovary inside the petals, and they fall off. There are 12-15 carpels, fused to form a superior ovary, with clear boundaries between the carpels, each ending in a stigma at the tip, so that the stigmas of the pistil form a radiating disk shape. The number of ovary chambers is the same as the number of carpels, and there are many ovules borne on the septum. The berry is ovate, 3 cm long, with persistent sepals, and splits irregularly. The seeds are oblong, yellow-brown, and glossy.
The flowering period is from May to July, and the fruiting period is from July to September.
Nuphar pumila from Guizhou has nearly round or ovate leaves and a relatively small plant form. Nuphar sinensis has heart-shaped ovate leaves and large flowers, with a flower diameter of 5-6 cm and a stalk extending about 20 cm above the water surface, giving it extremely high ornamental value.
Nuphar lutea has large, thick leathery, elliptical leaves. Nuphar shimadai has oblong or ovate leaves.
Nuphar pumila is a perennial floating-leaved aquatic herbaceous plant. The rhizome is thick and block-like, lying horizontally. The leaves are of two types; the floating leaves are papery or nearly leathery, round to ovate, 8-17 cm long, with entire margins, and the base is split into a deep heart shape. The upper surface of the leaf is green and glossy, while the underside is convex and covered with soft hairs. The lateral veins are fine and branch two-forked several times; the petiole is cylindrical. The submerged leaves are thin and soft. The flowers are solitary, with cylindrical flower stalks rising above the water surface; the flower buds are spherical and green. There are 5 sepals, obovate and wedge-shaped, yellow, and petal-like.
Flowers
Nuphar shimadai flowers throughout the year. The flowers have round pedicels with long white soft hairs; the outermost part of the flower consists of sepals tinged with green or dark red, with five sepals, each about 1.6 cm long and 0.8-1.2 cm wide. The next whorl inward is the petals; the petals are not very obvious, are linear, about 10 in number, yellow, about 5-6 mm long and 1.5-2 mm wide, and look similar to the stamens. Inside the petals are the stamens, about 30 in number, yellow, with anthers about 3 mm long and filaments about 7 mm long; the anthers are obvious and clearly distinct from the petals. The central stigma spreads flat at the top into a disk shape, with 6-10 lobes, and in some species it is completely fused, red. Among the about 20 species of Nuphar worldwide, it is the only one with a red pistil. The part below the stigma down to the ovary narrows like a bottleneck, but some species do not have this.
Leaves
The floating leaves are nearly round, with a V-shaped notch at the base, about 10-12 cm long and 7-10 cm wide, and the lower surface has many short hairs; the cross-section of the petiole is triangular, and at the base it expands into a wing-like form.
Fruit and seeds
The fruit is urn-shaped, about 2 cm long and 1.5 cm wide. The seeds are ovate, grass-green, shaped like mung beans, about 3-4 mm long and 2 mm wide.
Rhizome
The rhizome of Nuphar shimadai is thick and cylindrical. The underground stem runs horizontally about one meter deep in the mud at the bottom of the water, and its diameter can reach 2 cm. The mature underground stem is white, with a diameter of about 3 cm.
Floral characteristics
The most obvious outer part is the sepals; the outside of the sepals is often tinged with green or dark red. The next whorl inward is the petals, which are very inconspicuous and look very similar to the stamens, so they are not easy to distinguish without careful observation. Further inward are the numerous stamens, which have obvious anthers and can be clearly distinguished from the petals. At the center is the pistil; the stigma at the top of the pistil spreads out to form a plate-like shape, and in some species it is completely fused. The stigma of Nuphar shimadai is divided into 6-10 lobes, and the part below the stigma down to the ovary narrows like a bottleneck, but some species do not have this.
Nuphar is the only genus in the Nymphaeaceae that has no tropical species, and the distribution of Nuphar shimadai is the southern limit of the worldwide distribution of the genus Nuphar. Early classifications of the genus Nuphar ranged from seven to twenty-five species, which shows that plants in this genus are quite troublesome within the Nymphaeaceae and are not easy to distinguish taxonomically. However, recent research may lead to some adjustments. Broadly, it can be divided into two sections: sect. Nuphar, distributed in the Old World (species of the Eurasian region), and sect. Astylus, distributed in the New World (species of the Americas). They can be distinguished by the structure of the flowers and fruits: sect. Nuphar has five sepals, the anther length is about half the filament length or slightly shorter, and the fruit is urn-shaped with a narrowed neck; sect. Astylus has 6-12 sepals, the anther length is about 1-2 times the filament length, and the fruit is ovate without an obvious neck. Based on these characteristics, there is no problem in placing Nuphar shimadai in the Old World sect. Nuphar, though the author believes it may have the taxonomic status of an infraspecific subspecies or variety.
As for the genus Nuphar, from the seven to twenty-odd species recognized in the past, many have now been merged or reduced to subspecies rank. The author examined some literature from Japan and the mainland and found that some species indeed have many similarities with Nuphar shimadai. Secondly, as aquatic plants, most belong to species widely distributed around the world; given the geological age and geographical location of Taiwan, China, the possibility of forming an endemic aquatic plant species is relatively low. Nuphar shimadai may have spread from the nearby mainland or Japan and become isolated, forming a unique plant of Taiwan, China. However, lacking further data, the taxonomic status of Nuphar shimadai still awaits more research before a conclusion can be made.
Plant characteristics
Nuphar pumila mainly has floating leaves, with a few submerged leaves in the water; the submerged leaves are smaller and thin, with wavy edges; the floating leaves are nearly round, about 10-12 cm long and 7-10 cm wide, and the lower surface has many short hairs; the cross-section of the petiole is triangular, and at the base it broadens into a wing-like form, which Flora of China describes as the petiole base being swollen. The pedicel is round and has long white soft hairs; there are five sepals, each about 1.6 cm long and 0.8-1.2 cm wide; there are 10 petals, linear, yellow, about 5-6 mm long and 1.5-2 mm wide; there are about 30 stamens, yellow, with anthers about 3 mm long and filaments about 7 mm long; the stigma spreads flat at the top into a disk shape, with 6-10 lobes, red. The fruit is urn-shaped, about 2 cm long and 1.5 cm wide. The seeds are ovate, grass-green, like small mung beans, about 3-4 mm long and about 2 mm wide.
Perhaps you have never carefully looked at the roots of Nuphar shimadai. The part that runs horizontally in the mud is the underground stem, whose diameter can reach 2 cm; the mature underground stem is white, with a diameter of about 3 cm, and obvious leaf scars remain after the leaves fall off. Nuphar shimadai can continually spread its population, and its appearance is like a spine, so Japanese people call it "kawabone" (river bone). The adventitious roots growing from the underground stem emerge in twos or threes; some species of the genus Nymphaea also show a similar situation.
Ecological habits of Nuphar pumila
Nuphar pumila prefers to grow in a warm, moist environment with ample sunlight. It is not strict about soil choice, is tolerant of low temperatures, and prefers fertile soil that is slightly sticky. It is suitable for growing in water 30-60 cm deep, and the deepest should not exceed 1 m. The suitable growth temperature is 15-32°C, and growth stops when the temperature drops below 12°C. It is tolerant of low temperatures; south of the Yangtze River it can overwinter without cold protection and can overwinter in open-air ponds; in the north it needs protection to overwinter in winter, and the dormant period temperature only needs to be kept at 0-5°C.
Cultivation techniques of Nuphar pumila: tissue culture
Materials and sterilization
In May, dig out Nuphar pumila growing very vigorously in the shallow water area of a pond, wash the whole plant repeatedly with tap water until clean, and place its roots in a 0.001% HgCl2 solution for preliminary sterilization for 48 h. Then cut off the tender rhizomes, place them in a 500 ml ground-mouth wide-mouth bottle, rinse with tap water for about 40 min, then shake-wash with 0.05% Amway detergent for 15 min, and move to an ultra-clean workbench for operation.
Wash the tender rhizomes treated as above with sterile water until there is no foam, then add 70% ethanol for sterilization for about 20 s, quickly shake-wash twice with sterile water, then shake-sterilize with 0.05% HgCl2 solution for 5 min, pour off the sterilization solution, then pour in 0.025% HgCl2 solution and continue shake-sterilizing for 15 min, and finally wash 5 times with sterile water. Under sterile conditions, cut the sterilized tender rhizomes into 0.2-0.3 cm rhizome pieces, inoculate them onto the corresponding solid medium, and culture and observe.
Culture conditions
Using 1/2MS and 1/3MS as the basic media, with different concentrations of cytokinins and auxins added. When 1/2MS is used as the basic medium, add 15 g/L sucrose; when 1/3MS is used as the basic medium, add 10 g/L sucrose. The solid medium has a gel strength of 160 g/L, pH 5.8-6.0, culture temperature 18-26°C, light for about 12 h, and light intensity 2000-3000 lx.
Results and analysis
Effects of different concentrations of hormones on callus induction: On an ultra-clean workbench, inoculate sterile tender rhizome pieces of Nuphar pumila into Erlenmeyer flasks containing MS as the basic medium with different concentrations of BA, 2,4-D and IAA for callus induction culture, inoculating 100 pieces per medium and 10 pieces per Erlenmeyer flask. Observe and count after inoculation and culture. Table 1 shows that on medium without the hormone 2,4-D, tender stems cannot be induced to form callus; when different concentrations of BA are used together with 2,4-D at a concentration of 1.2 mg/L (units omitted below), tender rhizomes are induced to form callus to varying degrees, but the callus induction rate, growth speed and external morphology differ greatly among different BA concentrations. When BA at concentrations of 0.4 and 0.8 is used together with 2,4-D at concentration 1.2, not only does the callus induction rate reach over 97%, but the callus also grows quickly, is relatively loose in texture, and appears as light green granules.
This kind of callus is callus with differentiation ability. Inoculate the callus induced and cultured above onto the same medium and carry out subculture under unchanged culture conditions. Record the time required for each generation of culture. Continuous culture for 8 generations shows that the callus induced and formed on this medium, when continuously subcultured on the same medium, not only still has the ability to differentiate and form callus, but the callus culture cycle is shortened to 45 d, and the propagation coefficient per subculture cycle is 36. This indicates that MS + BA 0.4-0.8 + 2,4-D 1.2 is an ideal medium for inducing tender rhizomes of Nuphar pumila to form callus with differentiation ability.
Plant management
1. Temperature
Temperature has an extremely important relationship with the growth and development of the genus Nuphar. The average temperature in Wuhan from April to July is 16.5-21.7°C, which is most suitable for raising seedlings at the seedling stage; when the average temperature in August exceeds 29°C, it has a certain impact on the growth and development of the plant; when the air temperature remains at 38°C for a long time, the plant stops growing or grows extremely slowly; when the air temperature is above 42°C and the surface temperature is 53°C, the water temperature rises accordingly, causing leaf rot and, in severe cases, plant death. Therefore, during this period the water source must be kept flowing. The most suitable temperature for plants of the genus Nuphar: the monthly average temperature range is 16.5-24-29-13°C. When the daily average temperature (in late November or early December) is about 10°C, the plant stops growing.
2. Light
Light has little effect on the growth and development of Nuphar pumila. It can grow normally under the light conditions in Wuhan.
3. Soil
Nuphar pumila is not very strict about soil pH and can grow and develop normally under pH=5.5-7.5. However, fertility is closely related to it: when the soil is fertile, there are many flowers, the colors are brilliant, the flowering period is long, the whole plant grows vigorously, and the ornamental period is long; otherwise, it loses its ornamental value.
4. Selection of vats and ponds
We selected planting conditions with a vat height of 65 cm, a vat inner diameter of 65-80 cm, and a pond inner diameter of 1 x 1 m or 2 x 2 m with a depth of 60 cm.
Cultivation methods of Nuphar pumila: construction and planting
Choose an environment with deep, loose and fertile subsoil and ample sunlight for construction and planting. The construction methods for Nuphar pumila are divided into two forms: direct planting and external-soil bag planting. The rhizomes and petioles of Nuphar pumila are slender; to increase the survival rate, whole-plant transplanting is often carried out.
The direct planting method is suitable for construction environments with a water depth below 80 cm and superior construction conditions. During construction, simply plant the rhizomes of Nuphar pumila directly into the soil layer. Nuphar pumila has strong adaptability; when constructed during the growing season, it generally resumes growth 10 days after construction and can bloom in about 25 days.
For construction areas where the subsoil is too loose or too shallow and unsuitable for direct planting, or where the water level is too deep and fluctuates greatly, the external-soil bag planting form is often used for construction and planting. External-soil bag planting uses non-woven bags or vegetation bags as carriers and fertile loam or pond mud as the substrate, ties the base of the Nuphar pumila rhizome tightly inside the bag, and leaves the apical bud exposed. Place it into the water area of the construction site according to construction requirements. The root system of Nuphar pumila planted in external-soil bags can penetrate the bag body and take root in the subsoil layer, so the survival rate after planting is higher than that of direct planting.
When growing Nuphar pumila as a potted water feature, use pond mud or decomposed organic matter plus garden soil as the cultivation substrate. After planting, place it in a shallow water area for maintenance, and after growth resumes, move it into the landscape area for routine care and management, which is extensive.
Propagation methods of Nuphar pumila
In addition to the underground stem continuously producing new buds and branches through vegetative propagation, seeds play a more important role in reproduction and dispersal. After the fruit matures and splits open, it exposes the white endocarp, and the seeds are wrapped in this endocarp. This white endocarp is spongy and slightly sticky, which can help the seeds float on the water surface for a period of time, and finally the seeds are completely released and sink to the bottom. As long as the seeds are at a suitable temperature, they can germinate, and there is no dormancy problem. Seeds are an important mechanism for the dispersal of Nuphar pumila, while the underground stem is its most advantageous way of expanding its territory and occupying ground after reaching a new place.
Sexual propagation
Artificially germinate seeds harvested and stored the previous year in the spring of the following year. The sowing soil is clean mud soil, with pH between 6.5-7.0. Add fertilizer (decomposed sesame cake, bean cake, etc. are all acceptable) and mix evenly, add water and soak for 3-5 d (it is best to spread a layer of sand on the surface of the mud), then add water 3-5 cm deep. After the water has settled clear, scatter the pre-germinated seeds into it, and add and change water in time according to the growth of the seedlings, until the seedlings grow small coin leaves (floating leaves), only then can they be transplanted.
When transplanting, use a row spacing of 10 cm and a plant spacing of 15-20 cm, and strengthen management during the seedling stage. Only when the plants have grown 4-6 floating leaves (more than 8 cm wide) can they be finally planted. The final planting method is one plant per vat (1 plant/sq m). If planting in a large ornamental area and the soil is fertile, it can be planted at 1 plant per 2 m. The storage temperature for Nuphar pumila seeds is better at 3-5°C, and the germination rate the following year reaches over 80%.
Asexual propagation
Asexual propagation is propagation by underground stems and division. Propagation is carried out in March-April: cut tubers with the main bud into 6-8 cm lengths and lateral buds into 3-4 cm lengths as propagation material. Division propagation is carried out in May-June: cut tubers with the main bud into 6-8 cm lengths, then remove yellow leaves and some old leaves, retain some adventitious roots and plant them. The plants propagated by division quickly enter the growth stage under conditions of sufficient nutrients, that is, they can flower and set seed in the same year.
Disease and pest control of Nuphar pumila
During the growth period of Nuphar pumila, large numbers of aphids often occur, which can be sprayed with 1000-1200 times dipterex, dichlorvos, or 50% dimethoate emulsion at 200 times. Snails can be controlled with tea cake, furadan and quicklime.
To control Spirogyra (algae), copper sulfate can be sprayed into the water; the spraying concentration is 3-5 mg/L at the seedling stage and 30-50 mg/L at the mature seedling stage. Aphids can be killed with 1000-1200 times dipterex, dichlorvos, or 50% dimethoate emulsion at 2000 times. Pests such as the tobacco cutworm can be killed by spraying 1000-1500 times decis onto the leaf surface. Snails and similar pests can be killed with tea cake, quicklime, yellow ginger powder, etc. There is also the field management method, namely continuously removing Spirogyra and weeds.
Variety classification of Nuphar pumila: main varieties
Nuphar pumila from Guizhou is distributed in Guizhou.
Nuphar sinensis is distributed in Jiangxi, Hunan, Guizhou and Zhejiang.
Nuphar lutea is distributed in ** and Guizhou, and also in Europe.
Nuphar shimadai is produced in Taiwan Province, China.
Compared with water lilies
Compared with water lilies, most people are less familiar with "Nuphar shimadai". There is no other reason; mainly because Nuphar shimadai was originally rather rare in Taiwan, China, and is distributed only in a few ponds in Longtan, Taoyuan. Although there are collection records from Taoyuan, Hsinchu and Nantou areas in the west of the province, more detailed data are lacking, and it is difficult today to understand the past distribution and quantity of this plant.
However, it is conceivable that Nuphar shimadai all grows on private land, and in the habit of land use, people always hope to convert agricultural land into building land, so that the land price can be higher. Facing the current situation of batches of agricultural land being converted into building land, some landowners hate it because it is a rare plant on the verge of extinction, adding a variable to future land development and use. The author once went to the Longtan area to look for other kinds of aquatic plants, but was stopped on the road by a local landowner who would not let me and my friend pass and even spoke in a threatening tone. From this gentleman's tone, it is not hard to tell that what he was referring to was Nuphar shimadai.
"Pitang" (irrigation ponds) were once an important factor for the survival of Nuphar shimadai in Taiwan, China, to this day. Now that the irrigation function of "pitang" has been lost, the fate of Nuphar shimadai is uncertain; perhaps in the future we will only be able to see it in botanical gardens or in the ponds or water basins of specific aquatic plant enthusiasts.
Distribution range of Nuphar pumila
Nuphar pumila is distributed in Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Jilin, Heilongjiang, ** and other places. It is also distributed in Japan, the Siberian region of Russia, and Europe.
Nuphar pumila is produced from northern to eastern China.
Uses and purposes of Nuphar pumila: ornamental value
Nuphar pumila is a flower- and foliage-viewing plant, mostly used in pond waterscape arrangements, planted together with water lilies, lotuses, Nymphoides peltata, cattails, yellow flag iris and other plants to form a brilliant and colorful landscape. It can also be potted in courtyards, in front of buildings, in front of rockery stones, or placed in a sunny spot in front of a residence.
Purifying water bodies
Nuphar pumila can also be potted in courtyards, in front of buildings, in front of rockery stones, or placed in a sunny spot in front of a residence. The roots have the function of purifying water bodies. In years of famine, the seeds could be pounded into rice for food.
Tests prove that three-quarters of the CH4 produced in the bottom mud where Nuphar pumila is planted is released through the branches of Nuphar pumila; during the day, the CH4 concentration in the root system reaches 10%, while the concentration in the young branches extending above the water surface is greatly reduced. Not only living plants are the main release channels for trace gases; dead plants are also channels for the release of gases such as CH4 from the bottom mud. Brix's research shows that dead reed branches are still the main channels for CH4 release from the bottom mud; even in winter, the maximum CH4 release rate through dead reed leaves can reach 64 mL m-2d-1.
Engineering applications
The flowers and leaves of Nuphar pumila are especially fine and have high ornamental value. It is often used in open garden waterscapes as the main material for embellishing water features. In courtyard waterscapes, the flowers of Nuphar pumila are small and brightly colored and can be combined with rockery stones and ponds for scenery, and it can also be grown as a household potted plant for ornamental purposes.
Nuphar pumila is a native plant variety with strong pollution tolerance, especially suitable for growing in environments with deep, fertile silt. Therefore, in lake environmental ecological restoration projects, it can be configured and applied as a pioneer plant variety. Nuphar pumila has a developed root system and good adaptability to sewage; when constructing artificial wetlands, it can be applied in the enhanced treatment process at the end of the wetland system to improve the purification effect.
Medicinal or dietary therapeutic value of Nuphar pumila
The medical information and health dietary therapy information on Hugarden is for reference only and cannot be used as a basis for diagnosis or medical treatment. For any health problem, consult professional medical personnel, and for the treatment of any disease, please follow a doctor's advice.
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Medicinal value
The rhizome of Nuphar pumila is used as medicine; it can strengthen the spleen and stomach and has the effects of tonifying deficiency, stopping bleeding, and treating neurasthenia.
Nuphar pumila seeds
[Synonyms] Shuili bao (Compendium of Materia Medica), Pingpengzi (Yao Kecheng, Food Materia Medica).
[Source] The seeds of the Nymphaeaceae plant Nuphar pumila.
[Plant morphology] Nuphar pumila (Supplement to Materia Medica), also known as: shuili (Compendium of Materia Medica), pingpenglian, golden lotus, a lamp on the water surface, shuipingpeng, dwarf pingpeng.
Perennial aquatic herb. Rhizome enlarged, lying horizontally. Leaves floating, broadly ovate, 6-17 cm long, 6-12 cm wide, base deeply heart-shaped, upper surface bright green, lower surface purplish red, densely covered with fine hairs, lateral veins pinnate; petiole with fine hairs; leaves growing in water are slightly soft and thin. Flowers solitary at the top of the pedicel, floating on the water surface, 3-4 cm in diameter; sepals 5, leathery, large and yellow, elliptic-ovate; petals small, numerous, wedge-shaped oblong, apex truncate or slightly concave, with nectaries on the back; stamens numerous; ovary superior, stigma disk-shaped, with 8-10 radiating shallow lobes. Berry ovate, narrow at the base; with persistent sepals and stigma. Seeds numerous, millet-like, leathery, aril fleshy. Flowering period July-August.
Grows in shallow water such as ponds and rivers. Distributed in East China, South China, Southwest China, Northeast China and other places.
The rhizome of this plant (Nuphar pumila root) is also used medicinally, detailed separately in another entry.
[Collection] Harvest in autumn when the fruit is ripe.
[Pharmacological effects] The related plant Nuphar japonica, also known as chuangu, contains deoxynupharidine (alkaloid), which has the effect of paralyzing the respiratory center.
[Nature and flavor] Compendium of Materia Medica: "Sweet and astringent, neutral, non-toxic."
[Functions and indications] 1. Compendium of Materia Medica: "Helps the spleen and thickens the intestines." 2. Soviet Medical "Handbook of Chinese Herbal Medicine": "Nourishes and strengthens, strengthens the stomach, regulates menstruation. Treats physical weakness and debility, indigestion, and irregular menstruation."
[Collection] Harvest in autumn when the fruit is ripe.
[Usage and dosage] Oral administration: decoct in soup, 3-5 qian.
Garden uses of Nuphar pumila
Although the flowers of Nuphar pumila are small, they have a strong pastoral charm and are extremely important ornamental plants in summer water gardens.
Cultural background of Nuphar pumila: origin of the name
The Latin species name of Nuphar pumila, pumilum, means "dwarf". The English name of pingpengcao is yellow waterlily, and as the name suggests it is related to water lilies. Its leaves are nearly round and float flat on the water surface, with a V-shaped notch at the base. It was first placed together with water lilies in the genus Nymphaea; however, Nuphar pumila has a superior ovary and seeds without an aril, which is very different from the genus Nymphaea, which has a semi-inferior ovary and seeds with an aril. The flowers of Nuphar pumila are much smaller than those of water lilies and do not have so many beautiful floral structures. However, when a large patch of Nuphar pumila yellow
Cultivation history
Nuphar shimadai was collected by the Japanese botanist Y. Shimada in 1915 in Xinpu, Hsinchu County, and the Japanese botanist B. Hayata published it as a new species in 1916 in Icones Plantarum Formosanarum. The species name shimadai was to commemorate its collector Shimada, and the type specimen (Isotype) is preserved in the herbarium of the Taiwan Forestry Research Institute. The characteristics of this plant are that the leaf shape is nearly round, and the leaf underside has many hairs, though these are not easy to see with the naked eye and can only be seen clearly under a dissecting microscope. Secondly, the top of the stigma is divided, with red on both sides of each lobe, making Nuphar shimadai more ornamental than other species of Nuphar.
Descriptions in ancient texts
As for the Tang dynasty poet Du Fu's poem "Parting from Wu Gorge, Given to Brother Nanqing of the West Ranch Orchard for a Long Time": "Moss and bamboo have always been what I love, pingpeng has no fixed dwelling." The "pingpeng" in the poem is a combined name for "duckweed" and "fleabane", which belong to two different things and have no direct relation to the "pingpeng" referred to in this article. Plants of the "duckweed" type float uncertainly on the water surface; "fleabane" is a plant of the genus Erigeron in the Asteraceae, whose fruits have pappus and drift with the wind after maturity, so the word "pingpeng" was used as a metaphor for wandering and migrating without a fixed residence. The "Nuphar pumila" discussed in this article, however, is not a plant that floats uncertainly; its roots are fixed in the mud at the bottom of the water.
Nuphar pumila was first collected by the Japanese botanist Y. Shimada in 1915 in Xinpu, Hsinchu County. Later, the Japanese botanist B. Hayata published it as a new species in 1916 in Icones Plantarum Formosanarum. To commemorate the collector, the species was named Shimadai. The original type specimen (Isotype) is still preserved in the herbarium of the Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Forestry Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Republic of China.
Flower language of Nuphar pumila
Flower language of Nuphar pumila: lofty.
Suitable recipients: friends, colleagues, friends.
Nuphar pumila pictures
How to grow Nuphar pumila? Planting methods and precautions for Nuphar pumila
Nuphar pumila is a native plant variety with strong pollution tolerance, especially suitable for growing in environments with deep, fertile silt. Therefore, in lake environmental ecological restoration projects, it can be configured and applied as a pioneer plant variety. Nuphar pumila has a developed root system and good adaptability to sewage; when constructing artificial wetlands, it can be applied in the enhanced treatment process at the end of the wetland system to improve the purification effect. Today we will briefly introduce the cultivation methods of Nuphar pumila.
I. Sexual propagation
In the second spring, artificially germinate the seeds harvested and stored the previous year. The sowing soil is clean mud, with a pH between 6.5 and 7.0. Add fertilizer (decomposed sesame cake, bean cake, etc. are all fine) and mix evenly. After soaking in water for 3-5d (it is best to spread a layer of sand on the surface of the mud), add water to a depth of 3-5 cm. Once the water has settled clear, scatter the pre-germinated seeds into it. According to the growth condition of the seedlings, add water and change the water in time, and only transplant when the seedlings grow small coin leaves (floating leaves).
When transplanting, use a row spacing of 10 cm and a plant spacing of 15-20 cm per plant, and strengthen management during the seedling stage. Only plant out when the plants have grown to 4-6 floating leaves (more than 8 cm wide). The planting method is one plant per vat (1 plant/sq m). If planting in a large ornamental area where the soil is also fertile, plant at 1 plant per 2 m. The storage temperature for Nuphar seeds is better at 3-5°C, and the germination rate the following year reaches more than 80%. After germination, fertilizer and water must be applied reasonably.
II. Asexual propagation
Asexual propagation is propagation by underground stems and division. Propagation is carried out in March-April, cutting tubers with the main bud into 6-8 cm lengths and side buds into 3-4 cm lengths as propagation material. Division propagation is carried out in May-June, cutting tubers with the main bud into 6-8 cm lengths.
Then remove yellow leaves and some old leaves, keep some adventitious roots, and plant. Under conditions of sufficient nutrients, the plants propagated by division quickly enter the growth stage, that is, they can flower and set seed in the same year. During the flowering period, weeds must be removed regularly to facilitate their growth.
1. Temperature requirements
An average temperature of 16.5-21.7°C is most suitable for cultivating seedlings during the seedling stage. When the average temperature exceeds 29°C, it has a certain effect on the growth and development of this plant. When the air temperature remains at 38°C for a long time, the plants stop growing or grow extremely slowly. When the air temperature is above 42°C and the surface temperature is 53°C, the water temperature rises accordingly.
When the temperature rises, rotten leaves appear, and in severe cases they cause the death of the plants. Therefore, during this period, the water source must be kept flowing. The most suitable temperature for plants of the genus Nuphar: the monthly average temperature range is 16.5-24-29-13°C. When the daily average temperature (late November or early December) is about 10°C, the plants stop growing.
2. Pest and disease prevention
To control Spirogyra (algae), copper sulfate can be sprayed into the water. The spraying concentration is 3-5 mg/L at the seedling stage and 30-50 mg/L at the mature seedling stage. For aphids, 1000-1200 times trichlorfon, dichlorvos, or 50% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate at 2000 times can all achieve an insecticidal effect.
For pests such as the tobacco cutworm, spraying 1000-1500 times deltamethrin on the leaf surface can achieve an insecticidal effect. For snails, tea cake, quicklime, yellow ginger powder, etc. can all achieve an insecticidal effect. There is also the field management method, that is, continuously removing Spirogyra and weeds.
The above is the care knowledge about Nuphar provided to everyone by Succulent Garden. We hope it can help everyone. Welcome to continue following Succulent Garden, and we will provide everyone with more cultivation methods for aquatic flowers.