What are the propagation habits of Jerusalem artichoke? Learn all about it in one article
Crops generally cannot do without a good soil environment, a suitable climate, and sufficient water. But Jerusalem artichoke is different. It is not only cold-resistant, drought-resistant and wind-and-sand resistant, but also has particularly strong reproductive capacity and extremely strong regenerative ability. Even if it encounters abnormal extreme weather and the stems and leaves above ground die, as long as the underground tubers are not exposed
Crops generally cannot do without a good soil environment, a suitable climate, and sufficient water. But Jerusalem artichoke is different. It is not only cold-resistant, drought-resistant and wind-and-sand resistant, but also has particularly strong reproductive capacity and extremely strong regenerative ability. Even if it encounters abnormal extreme weather and the stems and leaves above ground die, as long as the underground tubers are not exposed, it can revive again with water.
Moreover, it tillers and sprouts, and spreads particularly quickly. Once it forms a patch, neither people, livestock, nor pests can do anything about it. If it did not have nutritional value and economic value, it would long ago have been treated as an invasive species.
The above is some of the editor's introduction to the price of Jerusalem artichoke. Interested friends can buy some online to try something new. The texture is quite crisp, with a natural flavor full of sunshine and rain! Are you already especially tempted? Then hurry up and take action! The taste of Jerusalem artichoke will not disappoint you!
Jerusalem artichoke Helianthus tuberosus Linn. Jerusalem artichoke guide: how to grow Jerusalem artichoke / how Jerusalem artichoke reproduces
Jerusalem artichoke profileJerusalem artichoke Helianthus tuberosus Linn.
Jerusalem artichoke cultivation methods and precautions Jerusalem artichoke introduction
Jerusalem artichoke Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus), also known as yam ginger, is a perennial herbaceous plant of the genus Helianthus in the Asteraceae family. It blooms in autumn and has small yellow disk flowers, but the seed-setting rate is low. South of the Yangtze River it can form seeds. It has small yellow disk flowers, shaped like chrysanthemum, and the leaf base extends downward on both sides to form wings; the capitulum is relatively small; the tubular flowers are yellow. The flowering period is August to October. In production, it is generally propagated by tubers. Its underground tubers are rich in starch, inulin and other fructose polymers. They can be eaten, or salted, boiled or made into porridge, pickled into pickles, dried into Jerusalem artichoke slices, or used as a raw material for making starch and alcohol. The above-ground stems can also be processed into feed. Its tubers or stems and leaves used as medicine have the effects of promoting diuresis and removing dampness, clearing heat and cooling blood, and benefiting the stomach and harmonizing the middle. Planting near houses also has a beautifying effect. Jerusalem artichoke is called by officials of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization a "crop for both humans and livestock in the 21st century."
Yam ginger originated in the Americas. Its scientific name is "Jerusalem artichoke." Because its shape resembles ginger and it is also an imported product, it is called yam ginger. It is also called chrysanthemum ginger and guizi ginger. It is an edible root vegetable. Because its taste is relatively poor, it is mostly used to pickle pickles. The scientific name of guizi ginger is Jerusalem artichoke. Its tubers are rich in amino acids, sugars and vitamins. Eaten raw or cooked, each has its own flavor. If made into pickles or preserved Jerusalem artichoke, the taste is even better. Jerusalem artichoke is rich in inulin, which after extraction has special health-care and anti-cancer effects.
Morphological characteristics of Jerusalem artichoke Botanical characteristics
Stem upright, plant height 2-3 m. Flat and round, with irregular protrusions. Underground tubers are irregularly multi-spherical or spindle-shaped, with red, yellow or white skin. Varieties are divided according to the skin color of the tubers. Leaves opposite at the base, alternate on the upper stem, long ovate, apex pointed, leaf surface rough, leaf underside pubescent, margin serrate, green. Petioles have narrow wings. Multiple capitula, borne at branch tips, yellow, with outer ligulate flowers, not easy to set fruit, tubular flowers yellow. Achenes wedge-shaped, hairy, with 2-4 hairy flat awns at the upper end.
Perennial herb, 1-3 m tall, with tuberous underground stems and fibrous roots. Stem upright, branched, covered with white short stiff hairs or bristles. Leaves usually opposite, with petioles, but upper leaves alternate; lower leaves ovate or ovate-elliptic, with long petioles, 10-16 cm long, 3-6 cm wide, base broadly cuneate or rounded, sometimes slightly cordate, apex gradually tapering to pointed, margin coarsely serrate, with triplinerved veins departing from the base, upper surface covered with white short stiff hairs, lower surface pubescent, veins with short stiff hairs, upper leaves long elliptic to broadly lanceolate, base gradually narrowed, decurrent into short wings, apex acuminate, short caudate. Capitula relatively large, few or many, solitary at branch tips, with 1-2 linear-lanceolate bracts, upright, 2-5 cm in diameter, involucral bracts in multiple layers, lanceolate, 14-17 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, apex long acuminate, abaxial surface covered with short appressed hairs, margin with spreading cilia; paleae oblong, 8 mm long, abaxial surface ribbed, upper end unequally 3-lobed. Ligulate flowers usually 12-20, ligules yellow, spreading, long elliptic, 1.7-3 cm long; tubular flower corolla yellow, 6 mm long. Achenes small, wedge-shaped, upper end with 2-4 hairy conical flat awns. Flowering period August-September.
According to tuber skin color, it can be divided into two varieties: red-skinned and white-skinned. Jerusalem artichoke is cold-resistant and drought-resistant. Tubers begin to sprout at 6-7°C, emerge at 8-10°C, seedlings can tolerate low temperatures of 1-2°C, 18-22°C and 12 h sunshine are favorable for tuber formation, and tubers can safely overwinter in frozen soil layers at -25 to -40°C. Rhizomes tuberous. Upper stems branched, covered with short stiff hairs or bristles. Basal leaves opposite, upper leaves alternate, long ovate to ovate-elliptic, 10-15 cm long, 3-9 cm wide, 3-veined, upper surface rough, lower surface pubescent, leaf margin serrate, apex acute or acuminate, base broadly cuneate, petioles all with narrow wings.
Ecological habits and trait characteristics of Jerusalem artichoke
Requirements for environmental conditions Jerusalem artichoke prefers a slightly cool and dry climate, is cold-resistant and drought-resistant. Tubers begin to sprout at 0-6°C, emerge at 8-10°C. Because the underground tubers of Jerusalem artichoke can overwinter under the soil in the cold north and sprout new plants the following year, it is often mistaken for a perennial crop. Its seedlings can tolerate low temperatures of 1-2°C. Under conditions of 18-22°C and 12 hours of sunshine, tuber formation is favored. Tubers can safely overwinter in frozen soil layers at 25-30°C. It has strong adaptability to soil, and cultivation in fertile, loose soil can achieve very high yields.
Growth habits
Cold-resistant and drought-resistant. Tubers can safely overwinter in frozen soil layers at -30°C. In early spring, seedlings can endure light frost, and in autumn, mature leaves can endure short periods of -4 to -5°C. In temperate zones, 18-22°C and 12 hours of light are favorable for tuber formation. Tolerant of poor soil, with little strict requirement for soil. Except for acidic soil, swamps and saline-alkali areas, which are not suitable for planting, some land unsuitable for growing other crops, such as ruins, house edges and roadsides, can all support its growth. [4]
1. Strong stress resistance: In high-cold sandy wasteland with an annual accumulated temperature above 2000°C, annual precipitation above 150 mm, and -40°C to -50°C, it can grow as long as the tubers are not exposed.
2. Drought-resistant and wind-and-sand resistant: Jerusalem artichoke tubers within 30 cm below the sand can all use their own nutrients, moisture and strong root whiskers to germinate normally; tubers and root systems have strong water-storage capacity, maintaining growth needs during dry periods; as the rhizomes develop, they play a role in sand fixation.
3. Extremely strong regeneration: One planting can perpetuate reproduction forever. During severe drought, all above-ground stems and leaves wither and die, but once there is water, the underground stems sprout again; each regenerated tuber tillers and sprouts, and the annual multiplication rate can reach 20 times. Jerusalem artichoke seeds fall to the ground, take root, and multiply everywhere;
4. No pests or diseases: During the growth period, there is no need for fertilization, pesticide application, weeding, or management. Once it forms a continuous patch, it is very difficult for people and livestock to destroy its reproduction and development.
Distribution areas of Jerusalem artichoke
Native to North America, introduced to Europe in the 17th century, and introduced to China via Europe. It is now cultivated in most areas of China. The tubers are commonly known as "yam ginger."
Economic value of Jerusalem artichoke Economic value
1. It is the plant with the largest biomass in high-cold deserts. Leaves, stems and root tubers are all high-quality green feed; it can serve as one of the choices for artificial vegetation to solve desertified grasslands; under the condition of annually limited stem harvesting, the income per mu is no less than 200 yuan. The average annual output of fresh tubers is 800 kg/mu, of which 400 kg can be taken, at 0.5 yuan per kg. It is a rare ecological and economic plant. Tuber yield per mu can reach about 1500 kg. On the premise of not affecting sand fixation, it can be properly harvested in the third year after planting. Its tubers can be eaten and can also be made into starch, inulin, food additives, alcohol, health products, etc. through deep processing. The leaves and stems of Jerusalem artichoke can also be used as feed. It can be seen that while controlling and fixing sand, Jerusalem artichoke also has great development and utilization value, and is especially suitable for industrialized management of sandy land. It is understood that using Jerusalem artichoke to control sand brings considerable economic benefits.
2. Jerusalem artichoke tubers are easy to store and rich in amino acids, sugars, vitamins, etc. Every 100 grams of tubers contain 79.8 grams of water, 0.1 grams of crude protein, 0.1 grams of fat, 16.6 grams of carbohydrates, 0.6 grams of crude fiber, 2.8 grams of ash, 49 mg of calcium, 119 mg of phosphorus, 8.4 mg of iron, 0.13 mg of vitamin B 1, 0.06 mg of vitamin B 2, 0.6 mg of nicotinic acid, 6 mg of vitamin C, and are also rich in inulin, polyxylose, starch and other substances. Jerusalem artichoke tubers are white, fine, crisp and tender in texture, with no off-flavor. They can be eaten raw, stir-fried, boiled, or sliced and fried. If pickled into pickles or made into preserved yam ginger, they have an even more unique flavor. Jerusalem artichoke is a superior raw material free from pest damage and pesticide pollution and suitable for making green food. From the third year onward, harvesting 50% of the tubers every other year does not affect the ground cover.
3. Jerusalem artichoke is the best raw material for extracting high-purity fructo-oligosaccharides. Fructo-oligosaccharides can effectively proliferate bifidobacteria in the human body, lower blood lipids, improve lipid metabolism, and enhance human immune function, and have been widely used in the fields of medicine and health care. The annual market consumption in Japan, Europe and the United States is about 80,000 tons (high-purity oligosaccharide powder), used as additives in functional beverages and foods. Medicines and health products such as "bifidus factor" on the Chinese market all use Jerusalem artichoke as a raw material.
4. After fermentation, fructose can still be made into alcohol, known as green petroleum. It is a very good alternative fuel and also an ideal enhancer for increasing the combustion quality of gasoline.
5. Jerusalem artichoke can be used medicinally. Its tubers are sweet and neutral in nature, non-toxic, promote diuresis and remove dampness, and can prevent and treat diabetes.
6. The tubers and above-ground stems and leaves of Jerusalem artichoke can be used as feed to feed rabbits, pigs, sheep, donkeys, horses, etc. The above-ground stems and leaves can be cut directly for use as green feed during the peak growth season of Jerusalem artichoke, or crushed in autumn to make dry feed. Therefore, the development of animal husbandry will also become a component of the sand industry represented by Jerusalem artichoke.
Product processing
Inulin and fructo-oligosaccharides
Because of their clear structure and definite physiological health functions, inulin (inulin) and fructo-oligosaccharides have become an important functional food. Internationally, Japan leads in research, development and application. Their application and development in Europe, the United States and South Korea are also very rapid. Research on functional fructo-oligosaccharides in China began in the 1990s, starting relatively late, but developing very quickly. The scientific research achievement obtained from the National Science and Technology Commission's "Ninth Five-Year Plan" key project - enzymatic production of fructo-oligosaccharides - is the third-generation health food functional factor and is also called a 21st-century high-tech biological product. Research confirmed by many famous universities and medical schools at home and abroad shows that inulin and fructo-oligosaccharides have a super-strong effect of proliferating human bifidobacteria and are functional substances beneficial to the human body. They play an extremely important role in regulating body balance, restoring gastrointestinal function, promoting metabolism, preventing various diseases, and maintaining human health, and are the most representative typical products for human health in the 21st century. As a natural functional edible polysaccharide, inulin has the physiological functions of a water-soluble dietary fiber and a bioactive precursor, and has therefore been widely used in low-calorie, low-sugar and low-fat foods. In addition, using tubers of plants such as Jerusalem artichoke to prepare inulin, and then directly producing high-purity fructose through enzymatic hydrolysis, has the advantages of a simple process, high conversion rate and pure product.
1. Main characteristics of inulin and fructo-oligosaccharides
(1) Regulating gastrointestinal function
(2) Improving immunity
(3) Detoxifying and beautifying
(4) Improving lipid metabolism
(5) Promoting mineral absorption
(6) Favorable for vitamin synthesis
(7) Preventing dental caries
(8) Suitable for consumption by diabetic patients
2. Demand and market
The United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Australia and Taiwan, China all already produce foods containing inulin and fructo-oligosaccharides. They have been applied to dairy products, lactic acid bacteria beverages, solid beverages, candies, biscuits, jelly, cold drinks and many other foods, especially health foods and foods for the elderly, with about more than 200 varieties. They can also be used as fillers, texture improvers, flavor masking agents and fat substitutes in foods. In 2007, the world's inulin and fructo-oligosaccharides produced from it as a raw material exceeded 100,000 tons, and the price of imported inulin was about 40 yuan/kg (40,000 yuan/ton). China's development of inulin and fructo-oligosaccharides started relatively late. The domestic annual production capacity of fructo-oligosaccharides is about 3,000-5,000 tons. It is estimated that China's oligosaccharide market capacity is about 10,000-30,000 tons/year, and it is expected that the domestic market will reach 80,000 tons in 2009.
3. Products
Inulin (powder), fructo-oligosaccharides (syrup and powder), high-purity fructose (syrup).
Jerusalem artichoke transformed into biodiesel
Against the background of rising global oil prices and the energy crisis, biodiesel technology has attracted attention. Jerusalem artichoke tubers are rich in a series of fructan polymers - inulin. After extraction, the inulin (fructan polymer) can be converted into fructo-oligosaccharides through a complex chemical process. The higher fructo-oligosaccharides contained in fructo-oligosaccharides, after adding Escherichia coli, can be converted into biodiesel through the action of cell factories. In 2007, the Chinese Academy of Sciences made a breakthrough in this technology. Scientists in the research group are seeking more economical, convenient and simple conversion processes and methods, so as to minimize costs, ultimately achieve commercialization and industrialization, and truly allow motor vehicles to bid farewell to natural diesel or gasoline, and allow humanity to escape the threat of the energy crisis.
Comprehensive utilization value
It can be used as food. The tubers are rich in starch and are excellent succulent feed. Fresh stems and leaves used as silage have higher nutritional value than sunflower. The tubers are also a delicious vegetable and can be processed into pickles; in addition, inulin and alcohol can also be made. Inulin is also a good medicine for treating diabetes in medicine, and is also a valuable industrial raw material.
Medicinal dietary or medicinal value of Jerusalem artichoke
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The medical content on Huahua Network is for reference only and cannot be regarded as professional advice. For any health problem, you should consult professional medical staff. Medicinal information (1)
[Chinese name] Jerusalem artichoke, yam ginger, yellow hollyhock, guizi ginger, tuberous sunflower, yam ginger, fanqiang
[Chinese pinyin] Juyu
[English name] Jerusalem Artichoke, Girasole, Canada Potato
[Latin scientific name] Helianthus tuberosus L.
[Family and genus classification] Asteraceae, Helianthus
[Plant morphology] Perennial herb, about 1-3 m tall. With tuberous underground stems. Stem upright, upper branches covered with short stiff hairs or bristles. Upper leaves alternate, basal leaves opposite; with petioles, upper part with narrow wings; leaf blades ovate to ovate-elliptic, 10-15 cm long, 3-9 cm wide, apex pointed, leaf base broadly cuneate, margin serrate, 3-veined, upper surface rough, lower surface pubescent. Several capitula, 5-9 cm in diameter, borne at branch tips; 1-2 linear-lanceolate bracts; spreading involucral bracts lanceolate or linear-lanceolate; ligulate flowers neutral, pale yellow, conspicuous; tubular flowers bisexual, fertile, yellow, brown or purple, 5-lobed. Achenes, wedge-shaped; pappus upper end often with 2-4 hairy flat awns. Flowering period August-October.
[Habitat and distribution] Cultivated in most areas of China. Native to North America. Medicinal materials are mainly produced in North China and East China.
[Medicinal part] Tubers or stems and leaves are used as medicine. Chinese medicinal name: Jerusalem artichoke.
[Harvesting and processing] Dig tubers in autumn, harvest stems and leaves in summer and autumn, use fresh or dry in the sun.
[Main components] Root tubers contain inulin, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, polyphenoloxidase, etc. Leaves contain heliangine, tagitinin E and other components.
[Nature, flavor and function] Sweet, slightly bitter, cool. Clear heat and cool blood, reduce swelling.
[Indications and usage] Febrile diseases, intestinal heat bleeding, traumatic injuries, fractures and swelling pain. Internal use: decoct in water, 10-15 g, or one root tuber, chewed raw. External use: appropriate amount, fresh stems and leaves pounded and applied.
1. Traumatic injuries: Appropriate amount of fresh Jerusalem artichoke stems and leaves. Pound and apply. (Zhejiang Medicinal Plant Records)
2. Febrile disease with scorched lips and crimson tongue, intestinal heat and diarrhea: 1 fresh Jerusalem artichoke tuber. Chew and swallow raw. (Zhejiang Medicinal Plant Records)
Medicinal overview
[Medicinal source] The tubers or stems and leaves of the Asteraceae plant Jerusalem artichoke.
[Harvesting and storage] Dig tubers in autumn, harvest stems and leaves in summer and autumn; use fresh or dry in the sun.
[Crude drug identification] Character identification: rhizome tuberous. Upper stems branched, covered with short stiff hairs or bristles. Basal leaves opposite, upper leaves alternate, long ovate to ovate-elliptic, 10-15 cm long, 3-9 cm wide, 3-veined, upper surface rough, lower surface pubescent, leaf margin serrate, apex acute or acuminate, base broadly cuneate, petioles all with narrow wings.
[Efficacy classification] Heat-clearing and blood-cooling medicine; swelling-reducing medicine
[Nature and flavor] Sweet; slightly bitter; cool in nature
[Efficacy] Clear heat and cool blood; reduce swelling
[Indications] Febrile diseases; intestinal heat bleeding; traumatic injuries; fractures and swelling pain. The rhizome is pounded and applied externally to treat unnamed swelling and toxins and mumps.
[Usage and dosage] Internal use: decoct in water, 10-15 g; or 1 root tuber, chewed raw.
[Modern research] Research has found that extracting inulin from yam ginger can treat diabetes. It has a bidirectional regulatory effect on blood sugar, that is, on the one hand it can lower blood sugar in diabetic patients, and on the other hand it can raise blood sugar in patients with hypoglycemia. Studies show that yam ginger contains a substance whose structure is very similar to endogenous insulin in the human pancreas. When urine sugar appears, eating yam ginger can control urine sugar, indicating that it has a blood-sugar-lowering effect. When a person has hypoglycemia, eating yam ginger can likewise provide relief.
Value and utilization
Jerusalem artichoke tubers are sweet and palatable, and are an excellent accompaniment to meals. The tubers have a relatively high inulin content. The fructose after hydrolysis of inulin is used in medicine and in making candies, pastries, etc. The tubers are also an industrial raw material for making starch and alcohol. The above-ground stems and leaves and underground tubers of Jerusalem artichoke are rich in nutrients and are excellent livestock feed. In summer and autumn, the top of the plant is covered with flat yellow flowers shaped like chrysanthemums, which also have the effect of beautifying homes. Eating methods: mainly washing and peeling then boiling or making porridge, washing then pickling into pickles; drying into dried Jerusalem artichoke.
(1) Used as a vegetable ① Fresh tubers can be stir-fried plain, or stir-fried with shredded meat, fragrant and crisp and delicious. ② Pickling: 50 kg of Jerusalem artichoke, washed and cleaned of impurities, placed into a ceramic vat, put in a layer of Jerusalem artichoke and sprinkle salt, with a salt amount of 9 kg, and after placing, pour in an appropriate amount of clean water. After one day, turn the vat once, then turn the vat once every two days thereafter, and it can be eaten after about 15 days. The flavor is delicious, and it can be served as a side dish and has a certain auxiliary therapeutic effect on diabetes.
(2) Used as coarse grains, feed, or for extracting starch, making alcohol, etc. The above-ground stems can also be processed into feed.
(3) Medicinal use: Extract inulin for the treatment of diabetes. The rhizome is pounded and applied externally to treat unnamed swelling and toxins and mumps. In dietary therapy, 100 grams of Jerusalem artichoke tubers can also be washed and chopped, 100 grams of rice washed clean, add an appropriate amount of water and cook together into porridge, season with salt and sesame oil and eat. It is suitable for those with diabetes, edema, and difficult urination.
Chemical components
Root tubers contain inulin, sucrose 1F-β-D-fructosyltransferase, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, polyphenoloxidase, inulase, fructo-oligosaccharides. Leaves contain heliangine, tagitinin E, erioflorin. Leaf glandular hairs contain leptocarpin, 14-hydroxyleptocarpin, budlein A, budlein A tiglate, budlein A 2-methylbutyrate, budlein A isobutyrate, budlein A methacrylate, 4,5-iso-budlein A isobutyrate, 4,15-iso-atripliciolide isobutyrate, 4,15-iso-atripliciolide methylacrylate, 4,15-iso-atripliciolide tiglate, 4,15-iso-atripliciolide angelate, 3-hydroxy-atripliciolide tiglate, 8β,14-dihydroxycostunolide, desacetyleupaserrin, 14-acetoxytithifoline epoxyangelate, 1α,2-dihydroxypinnatifidin, pyrenocin A and B, jasmonic acid, Me β-D-glucopyranosyltuberonate, Me β-D-glucopyranosylhelianthenate A, B, C, D, E and F, metuberonic acid glucoside. The volatile oil of the above-ground part contains helianthol A, and the aromatic components mainly contain β-bisabolene.
Yam ginger - related research
Recent studies have found that yam ginger has a bidirectional regulatory effect on blood sugar, that is, on the one hand it can lower blood sugar in diabetic patients, and on the other hand it can raise blood sugar in patients with hypoglycemia.
Studies show that yam ginger contains a substance whose structure is very similar to endogenous insulin in the human pancreas. When urine sugar appears, eating yam ginger can control urine sugar, indicating that it has a blood-sugar-lowering effect. When a person has hypoglycemia, eating yam ginger can likewise provide relief.
Edible value
[Nutritional analysis] Yam ginger contains a substance whose structure is very similar to endogenous insulin in the human pancreas. When urine sugar appears, eating yam ginger can control urine sugar, indicating that it has a blood-sugar-lowering effect. When a person has hypoglycemia, eating yam ginger can likewise provide relief.
[Medicinal part] Root tubers, stems and leaves are used as medicine.
[Efficacy] Has the effects of treating febrile diseases, intestinal heat and bloody diarrhea, traumatic bone injuries, etc.
[Distribution] Distributed in North China, East China, South China, Central China and other places.
Jerusalem artichoke has great benefits for human health, most obviously lowering blood sugar and helping with body shaping. First, Jerusalem artichoke contains a substance with an insulin-like effect, which can regulate blood sugar and balance blood sugar levels. Japanese people widely use Jerusalem artichoke for diabetic patients, and have achieved significant improvement in their condition. People who crave sweets or like starchy foods can also consider Jerusalem artichoke as a health food to prevent further deterioration and the development of diabetes. When blood sugar is normal, it can also help avoid overeating. In addition, Jerusalem artichoke contains a large amount of fiber, which can promote intestinal peristalsis and increase bowel movements, and can also have a satiating effect. The most special thing about Jerusalem artichoke is that it blocks the absorption of starch and fat, and is absolutely helpful for weight loss.
Dietary therapy and conditioning
1. Jerusalem artichoke soup: 60-90 g of Jerusalem artichoke, sliced, add water and decoct as soup to take. This formula takes advantage of the diuretic effect of Jerusalem artichoke. It can be used for water-dampness retention, edema, and difficult urination. In addition, it can also be used for diabetes.
2. Jerusalem artichoke juice: 30-60 g of Jerusalem artichoke, pounded, squeezed to obtain juice, can add an appropriate amount of honey or white sugar for flavoring, and take at one time. This product is used raw to take advantage of its heat-clearing and blood-cooling effects. Used for intestinal heat and bloody stool.
3. In dietary therapy, 100 g of Jerusalem artichoke tubers can be washed and chopped, 100 g of rice washed clean, add an appropriate amount of water and cook together into porridge, season with salt and sesame oil and eat. It is suitable for those with diabetes, edema, and difficult urination.
Propagation methods of Jerusalem artichoke
1. Propagation method: Propagate by tubers. After harvesting tubers in autumn and winter, select tubers 20-25 grams in size for sowing, or store in sand for seed preparation. You can also dig up appropriately sized tubers for sowing after the soil thaws in spring.
2. Sowing: Conducted in spring. Hole sowing or furrow sowing. Planting spacing is 50 cm square. Dig planting holes, loosen the soil, apply base fertilizer, then sow, but base fertilizer should not be excessive. Sowing depth is about 10 cm. After sowing, cover with soil and level the holes.
3. Field management: Seedlings emerge about 1 month after sowing. After the seedlings are established, appropriately topdress and water. Then cultivate and weed, and earth up to form low ridges. When it is not too dry, there is no need to water again until the tubers begin to expand, and then water according to the principle of "see dry, see wet." If the stems and leaves grow too luxuriantly, it is advisable to pinch off the tops to promote tuber expansion. Jerusalem artichoke rarely suffers from pests and diseases, so pesticides may not be used. In extremely dry conditions, aphids may occur, and spraying water can eliminate them.
4. Harvest: Harvest after autumn frost. After digging, wash off the soil and bring to market. For those planted in idle land, if continued planting is needed, small tubers can be selected and left buried in the soil during harvesting, and then thinned and replanted in time after emergence the following year.
5. Nutritional components and utilization: Menpi Jerusalem artichoke has a 100% edible rate. Every 100 grams of tubers contain 79.8 grams of water, 0.1 grams of crude protein, 0.1 grams of fat, 16.6 grams of carbohydrates, 0.6 grams of crude fiber, 2.8 grams of ash, 49 mg of calcium, 119 mg of phosphorus, 8.4 mg of iron, 0.13 mg of vitamin B 1, 0.06 mg of vitamin B 2, 0.6 mg of nicotinic acid, 6 mg of vitamin C, and are also rich in inulin, polyxylose, starch and other substances. Its nature and flavor are sweet, neutral, and non-toxic. It has the effects of promoting diuresis and removing dampness, harmonizing the middle and benefiting the stomach, and clearing heat and detoxifying, and is a diuretic. Jerusalem artichoke has relatively wide uses.
Cultivation techniques of Jerusalem artichoke Artificial planting growth characteristics
In northern China, ground temperature begins to rise in March, and dormant tubers gradually revive from a frozen state. When the ground temperature reaches 10°C, they begin to germinate. In early April, leaves emerge from the ground and begin to grow, during which late frost has no effect or damage on them. Under normal circumstances, from late August to early September, Jerusalem artichoke stems about 2 m high begin to flower. The flowers are pure yellow, with no fragrance and no off-flavor, and 13 petals. Due to different varieties, the color and width of the leaves also differ. Although the flower color is the same, the width of the petals varies. Seeds can be formed through pollination by vectors, and at the same time underground stems begin to form tubers. Early-maturing varieties mature when the above-ground stems naturally die in mid-October, while late-maturing varieties mature only after the above-ground stems die during the freezing period. The yield of Jerusalem artichoke (underground tubers) is closely related to the thickness, height and shortness of the above-ground stems, as well as the nutrients and moisture of the soil. If it is too dry, the above-ground stems are very thin and short, do not flower, or even if they flower, the flowers are not very regular, with few petals, and the underground stems are small and the yield is low, but they will absolutely not die from drought. During the freezing period, the underground stems freeze and enter dormancy.
Ecological characteristics
① Extremely strong cold resistance and drought resistance: Most desert areas in China are in high-cold zones, with a cold climate, long freezing periods, dry climate, and frequent wind and sand. However, Jerusalem artichoke has extremely strong cold resistance and can tolerate -40°C or even lower temperatures. But one thing that cannot be ignored is that the tubers of Jerusalem artichoke must be under sandy soil, with at least 1 cm of sandy soil covering them, and must absolutely not be exposed above the ground.
Drought and water shortage are normal phenomena in deserts. Even if the drought is severe, Jerusalem artichoke can safely pass through difficult times with its astonishing drought resistance, and in early spring the tubers begin to germinate normally, using their own nutrients and moisture to supply sprout growth. At the same time, they produce a large number of roots that extend to all parts underground to seek nutrients and moisture to supply seedling growth. When the newly grown root system can supply seedling growth, the nutrients and moisture in the tubers can continue to be stored. Especially in the rainy season, tubers and root systems will store a large amount of moisture to gradually supply leaf and stem growth during drought. The above-ground stems and leaves of Jerusalem artichoke have tissues similar to fuzz, which can greatly reduce water evaporation. When drought becomes severe to a certain degree, the underground stems will provide as many nutrients and as much moisture as possible to the above-ground stems and leaves for growth. When the nutrients of the tubers are exhausted, the above-ground stems die, but the underground stems can still grow new seedlings the following year.
② Wind-and-sand resistance: Desert areas have strong winds, are dry, and have highly mobile sandy soil, but Jerusalem artichoke can push out of the ground from relatively deep sandy soil. As long as the covering sand layer does not exceed 50 cm, Jerusalem artichoke can germinate normally. In order to avoid spring sand cover, spring sowing can be carried out slightly later. In autumn, when Jerusalem artichoke is about to mature or has matured, its dense above-ground stems form a low protective belt, and together with its root system's firm sand-gripping ability and the strong pressure on the sandy soil produced by the increase in underground tubers and weight, they jointly play a role in sand fixation. Relevant scientific research units planted more than 400 mu of Jerusalem artichoke on mobile dunes in the Horqin Sandy Land as a sand-control experiment. The results delighted experts: although during the experiment the region experienced special drought, extremely little rainfall, and high temperatures, and the entire crop was severely affected, on the desert the planted Jerusalem artichoke grew well; when the sand surface was pushed aside, Jerusalem artichoke roots were densely distributed under the sand, and roots could still be seen with the naked eye when digging to a depth of 1 m, and they had already begun to set fruit, achieving the ecological effects of fixing sand, controlling sand, and changing the desert. This method of using Jerusalem artichoke to control deserts is called by sand-control authorities the best method with low cost and quick results. In addition, after Jerusalem artichoke stems and leaves wither and fall, they decompose into fertilizer, which plays an important role in improving soil, increasing organic matter content, and improving sandy land structure, thereby creating favorable conditions for returning sand to farmland and forest.
③ Strong reproductive capacity: Jerusalem artichoke sand control is once and for all. After one sowing, Jerusalem artichoke in the desert will survive permanently and expand at a growth rate of more than 20 times per year. Therefore, the area of Jerusalem artichoke in the desert will increase year by year, and at the same time some tubers can be harvested from it for use as seeds to further expand the planting area. In addition, in areas with a longer growth period, some Jerusalem artichoke seeds can also be harvested, and their germination rate can reach 100%. Even if the Jerusalem artichoke seeds are not harvested, they will drift with the wind to suitable desert corners where they can settle.
④ Soil and water conservation: The root system of Jerusalem artichoke is particularly developed. Each Jerusalem artichoke plant has hundreds of roots 0.5-2 m long deeply rooted in the soil. Because Jerusalem artichoke can reproduce and expand at a rate of 20 times per year, it takes only 2-3 days to form a protective network woven from Jerusalem artichoke stems and roots on the ground surface, thereby effectively and firmly holding the soil and water of the surface layer.
Cultivation techniques
① Land preparation and base fertilizer application: After autumn harvest, prepare the land, apply 5000 kg of farmyard manure per mu, 70% broadcast, 30% applied in concentrated furrows at sowing; additionally apply 15 kg of potassium sulfate, deep plow 30 cm, and after plowing level and make beds for sowing.
② Sowing: After thawing in spring, select tubers weighing 20-25 g for sowing. Each mu requires 50 kg of tuber seeds, with a plant-row spacing of 0.5 x 0.5 m, and a sowing depth of 10-20 cm. Seedlings emerge about 30 days after sowing. Jerusalem artichoke is sown once a year. After harvest, tubers remain in the soil, and it need not be sown again the following year, but in order to distribute plants evenly, dense areas should be thinned and missing plants should be replanted.
Field management
① Cultivation and earthing up: After emergence in spring or after rain, weed in time, and combine with cultivation to earth up.
② Watering: The seedling stage, jointing stage, budding stage and tuber expansion stage of Jerusalem artichoke are the four key periods for watering. Generally, water for emergence can be applied in mid-April, water for jointing in late May, water for budding in mid-August, and water for tuber expansion in mid-October.
③ Top dressing: On the basis of applying sufficient base fertilizer, Jerusalem artichoke needs two top dressings during its growing period: the first around late May, applying 10 kg of urea per mu to promote sturdy seedlings and more new branches; the second at the early bud stage, applying 15 kg of potassium sulfate per mu, followed by watering.
④ Bud removal: During the tuber expansion period, remove flowers and buds to promote tuber expansion.
Harvesting and storage
① Harvesting In autumn, Jerusalem artichoke tubers are in a period of rapid growth. By early October, when the leaves and stems of the Jerusalem artichoke are completely killed by frost, the underground tubers can be harvested. The tubers can simply be taken out of the soil by manual or mechanical means.
② Winter storage If the Jerusalem artichoke is to be used the following spring, the stalks can be cut off after autumn without harvesting the tubers, but they must be taken out as early as possible the following spring, otherwise they will sprout very quickly (germination begins at a soil temperature of 2°C), affecting the quality of the Jerusalem artichoke. Winter storage method: In autumn, dig a shallow pit, put the Jerusalem artichokes in, immediately sprinkle sand soil over them, maintain humidity and sufficient ventilation, then cover the surroundings with 5 cm of soil, and do not let the Jerusalem artichokes be exposed. For large-scale storage, several ventilation holes can be made with straw bundles. Jerusalem artichokes begin winter dormancy below 0°C. During winter storage they fear heat but not cold; as long as they are covered with soil, they will not be killed by freezing even at -50°C, and can still sprout and grow the following year. Winter storage should be carried out according to this principle; as long as the temperature is not high, they will not rot.
③ Packaging and transportation For packaging, Jerusalem artichokes can generally be packed in plastic woven bags, which are both breathable and moisture-retaining, and can generally be stored for 10 to 20 days without problems.
Jerusalem artichokes can be transported by road or rail. For road transport, the Jerusalem artichokes should be covered with a tarpaulin to avoid excessive water loss. For rail transport, it is best to use ventilated boxcars. If sea transport is chosen, the Jerusalem artichokes should be kept in a well-ventilated, low-temperature state, and the sea transport time should preferably not exceed 30 days.
The cultural background and legends of Jerusalem artichoke
Yangjiang is also called guizi ginger. It originated in North America and was introduced to China in the 17th century. In Shenze County, Hebei, there is a legend that a young man named Liu Ming happened to obtain a human heart. After washing it in water, it turned into a beautiful girl, and the two married. However, his snake-hearted sister-in-law thought the girl was a demon, so she smashed the bowl holding the heart, and still feeling unsatisfied, she chopped the human heart into pieces and buried them by the well platform behind the house. The girl appeared to Liu Ming in a dream, saying that she had transformed into guizi ginger and would meet him at the well platform every year when the yellow flowers bloomed. Liu Ming indeed found densely growing guizi ginger at the well platform, so every year he went to the well platform to meet his wife, and they would hold each other and cry bitterly. Moreover, every year when harvesting guizi ginger, he always refused to dig it all up, letting it take root and sprout, hoping to be reunited with his wife.
It can forecast the weather
In Liaoning Province, China, there is a plant called "guizi ginger" (also known as yangjiang). Ten days after it blooms, initial frost appears in the region. Therefore, people also call it the "frost-reporting flower."
Jerusalem artichoke pictures
The price of Jerusalem artichoke
Generally on the market, Jerusalem artichokes are relatively cheap because they are highly adaptable. Once planted, if not controlled, they can easily affect the growth of other crops. Farmers can only try their best to dig out the tubers and sell them all, and the market transaction price is generally 1 yuan per jin.
Around cities, however, people do not dare to plant them, fearing they will multiply too much and be difficult to suppress, so they are relatively rare. But in modern society, many things can be bought without leaving home.
Online, Jerusalem artichokes are generally sold at close to 2 yuan per jin, with free shipping. After comparing the price and convenience of the two methods, it is still recommended to choose online purchasing and sit comfortably at home waiting for the delivery.
While waiting anxiously for the delivery, friends must be very curious: why are Jerusalem artichokes rare in vegetable markets yet also very cheap? This has to start with the Jerusalem artichoke's own reproductive habits. Let us explain it slowly.