Peanut Cultivation Distribution Areas and Main Producing Regions

Peanuts are grown in many parts of our country. The province with the largest planting area is Henan, followed by Shandong, Hebei, Guangdong and other places where peanuts are also widely grown. Therefore, as a cash crop, the peanut's position is quite solid, and many people grow it.

When to plant peanuts? Peanut planting time and key cultivation management points

The peanut is a nut with abundant yield and wide consumption in our country, also known as groundnut, longevity fruit, mud bean, foreign bean, earth bean, etc. It is an annual herbaceous plant of the genus Arachis in the family Fabaceae, order Rosales. Its producing areas are mainly distributed in Brazil, China, Egypt and other places. It is suitable for planting in sandy soil areas with a warm climate and moderate rainfall, and has a relatively long growing season. Let us take a look at the planting time of peanuts below!

Peanut planting time

The suitable sowing period for the spring-autumn double-cropping peanut region in the south is from February to mid-March; the suitable sowing period for the spring-summer peanut alternating region in the Yangtze River Basin is from March to late April; the suitable sowing period for the northern large peanut region and peanut producing areas is mostly from late April to early May. When sowing peanuts, sowing can begin once the soil temperature at a depth of 10 cm stays stable above 15 degrees for 5 consecutive days. Remember, never sow when the temperature is below 11 degrees, to prevent seed rot and dead seedlings. Even if the peanuts can emerge, the peanut seedlings will not be robust and this will affect yield. Summer peanut growing areas can choose relay intercropping and sow early to increase yield.

Peanut sowing methods

1. Sowing method: Peanut sowing methods are divided by cultivation method into open-field sowing and film-mulched sowing, and by operation method into manual dibbling and mechanical sowing.

2. Sowing density: Peanut planting density is determined by plant height, fruiting range and leaf area size. The suitable planting density is determined according to climatic characteristics, soil fertility, selected varieties and cultivation conditions.

3. Sowing depth: Generally, peanut sowing is best at about 5 cm. Grasp the principles of “do not sow deep when dry, do not sow shallow when wet” and shallow sowing for sticky soil, deeper sowing for sandy soil or plots with high sand content. For open-field cultivation, the deepest must not exceed 7 cm, and the shallowest must not be less than 3 cm.

4. Pressing after sowing: Pressing after sowing is a successful experience for drought-resistant peanut sowing to ensure a full stand. Pressing not only reduces soil moisture evaporation, but also brings the seeds into close contact with the soil, promotes the rise of moisture from the lower soil layers, prevents the seeds from drying out, and facilitates seed germination and emergence.

Peanut cultivation techniques

1. Land leveling: The peanut is a cash crop that flowers above ground and, after forming pegs, drills into the ground to set fruit. It is suitable for planting in loose sandy soil and oil sandy soil. The plot for planting peanuts should be deeply plowed. Along with plowing, apply 30 to 40 tons of high-quality farmyard manure per hectare, and press 1 to 2 times after plowing. Where conditions permit, irrigate first, then mix farmyard manure and chemical fertilizer and apply them into the furrow, form ridges and press them, ready for timely sowing.

2. Cultivated varieties: For high peanut yield, good seed is the foundation. Suitable peanut varieties mainly include the Fuhua series and the Jifu series (commonly known as Sililhong), with a growth period of about 110 to 120 days. Select pods that are large, plump, uniform in shape and unbroken as seed. Before shelling, sun-dry for 1 to 3 days. After shelling, further select seeds, choosing kernels with pure color and uniform shape as seed.

3. Scientific fertilization: Peanuts are relatively tolerant of poor soil. Fertilization should mainly be base fertilizer, applying 30 tons of farmyard manure per hectare. Chemical fertilizer should mainly be phosphate fertilizer, applying 300 to 400 jin of diammonium phosphate per hectare. For growing peanuts on poor soil, apply an additional 200 to 300 jin of urea per hectare.

4. Replanting and thinning: From late May to early June, peanut seedling condition surveys should be carried out as early as possible. For fields with obvious gaps in seedlings, replant as early as possible. Replanting can use the method of pre-germinating and sowing with water, and complete the work of thinning and final singling of seedlings.

5. Clearing around seedlings to promote sturdy growth: After the peanut seedlings have all emerged, use a small hoe to dig a ring of soil around the seedlings at a distance of 2 cm, then gently scrape the two cotyledons out of the ground with your hands. Clearing around seedlings to promote sturdy growth is generally carried out three days after the first hoeing and ridging.

6. Timely hoeing and ridging: Start hoeing after the peanut seedlings emerge. Ridge three days after hoeing for the first time, and hoe and ridge a second time after 15 to 20 days. Be careful not to press the seedlings when banking soil. Finish the third hoeing and ridging at the end of the full flowering stage, and ridge square-headed ridges when the rows close, so as to help the pegs penetrate into the soil. At the same time, pay attention to pulling out large weeds.

7. Reasonable topdressing: During the pod-filling and full-fruit stage, peanuts can be topdressed according to growth conditions in a targeted way by foliar spraying with fertilizers such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate (suitable concentration 0.3%) and plant growth regulators such as Lufeng 95, to promote kernel formation.

8. Timely harvest: When the peanut leaves turn yellow and some stems and leaves dry up, they can be harvested, generally in mid-September. After harvest, dry them in the sun to reduce moisture, promote after-ripening, and improve seed maturity. Peanuts kept for seed must be harvested and sun-dried before frost.

Alright, that is all for the peanut planting time and cultivation techniques introduced by the editor. Now let us take another look at peanut pest and disease control techniques!

Stem rot

[Symptoms] At the seedling stage, the cotyledons are dark brown, dry-rotted, then spread along the petiole to the stem base to form yellow-brown water-soaked lesions, and finally become dark brown rot. In later stages, water-soaked lesions first appear at the stem base or main lateral branches, yellow-brown and then dark brown, and the aboveground part wilts and dies. Peanut stem rot occurs severely, with about 80% of the area affected. The general incidence rate is 60 to 70%, and in severe cases diseased patches reach as high as 80 to 90%. Some severely diseased plants have died entirely.

[Control] Before sowing, dress seeds with 50% carbendazim wettable powder (dosage 0.3 to 0.5% of seed weight), or use 0.5 kg of 50% carbendazim wettable powder plus 50 to 60 kg of water to cold-soak 100 kg of seeds, soak for 24 hours and then sow; the control effect is significant. In the early stage of disease, choose 50% carbendazim wettable powder or 65% zineb wettable powder at 500 to 600 times solution, or 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder at 800 times solution for spraying, once every 7 days, spraying 2 to 3 times in succession.

Root rot

[Symptoms] This disease can occur throughout the entire growth period of peanuts. Infected plants are short, and leaves turn yellow from bottom to top in sequence, dry up and fall off. The outer skin of the main root turns black and rots, until the whole plant dies. This disease mainly spreads through rainwater and in the field. Water accumulation in the field at the seedling stage, low soil temperature, or sowing too early or too deep can all easily trigger this disease.

[Control] 1. Level the land and improve the soil, apply more decomposed organic fertilizer, prevent waterlogging and drain water, and strengthen field management. 2. Dress seeds with 50% carbendazim wettable powder at 0.3% of seed weight. In the early stage of disease, spray the whole field with 50% carbendazim at 1000 times solution.

Leaf spot

[Symptoms] Brown spot lesions are round, dark brown, relatively large, with a yellow halo around the edge of the lesion, and later gray mold-like material. Black spot lesions are round, black-brown, with no yellow halo around the lesion, and the lesions are smaller than those of brown spot.

[Control] In the early stage of disease, when the rate of diseased leaves in the field reaches 10 to 15%, the first spraying should begin. The agents can be 50% carbendazim wettable powder at 1500 times solution, or 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder at 2000 times solution, or 80% zineb wettable powder at 400 times solution, or 80% mancozeb at 400 times solution, 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder at 600 to 800 times solution, or Kang Kuning at 700 times solution, or lime sulfur mixture at 0.3 to 0.5 degrees Baume, etc. After that, spray once every 10 to 15 days, 2 to 3 times in succession, spraying 50 to 75 kg of liquid per mu each time.

Peanut rust

[Symptoms] It first appears on the bottom leaves. Yellow blister spots form on the leaves, small, surrounded by a very narrow yellow halo. After the epidermis cracks, rust-colored powder spills out. In severe cases, the leaves turn yellow, dry up and fall off.

[Control] When the rate of diseased plants in the field reaches 10 to 20%, you can choose 50% colloidal sulfur at 150 times solution, or sodium rust-resistant at 600 to 800 times solution, or 75% chlorothalonil at 800 times solution, or Bordeaux mixture at 1:2:200 (copper sulfate:quicklime:water), or 25% triadimefon wettable powder at 3000 to 5000 times solution, spraying once every 10 days or so, 3 to 4 times in succession. Sodium rust-resistant should not be used continuously and should be used alternately with other agents, spraying 60 to 75 kg of liquid per mu each time.

Peanut net blotch

[Symptoms] Natural infection in the field generally starts from the leaves at the bottom of the plant. At first, small brown needle-sized spots appear on the upper side of the leaves, gradually becoming brown starburst-shaped spots, then expanding into a net-veined pattern with gray-green edges. As the lesions gradually expand, they finally form round, oval or irregular brown to chestnut-brown large spots. The lesion edges are light greenish-brown, with indistinct boundaries, causing premature leaf drop. There are initially no symptoms on the underside of the leaves, but later light brown lesions with unclear edges appear.

[Control] Besides the pathogen remaining on diseased and residual peanut leaves falling into the field, carrying out crop rotation, and selecting disease-resistant varieties, when the rate of diseased plants in the field reaches more than 5%, you can choose Kang Kuning at 700 times solution, 80% mancozeb at 400 times solution, or “Nongkang 120“ (0.5 kg per mu) at 200 times solution, using 75 to 100 kg of liquid per mu each time, spraying once every 10 to 15 days, 2 to 4 times in succession.

Peanut bacterial wilt

[Symptoms] Peanuts are generally most susceptible to this disease at the early flowering stage. In the initial stage of diseased plants, the first and second leaves at the top of the main stem first lose water and wilt, delaying leaf opening in the morning and closing leaves early in the afternoon. After 1 to 2 days, the whole plant or the leaves on one side wilt sharply from top to bottom, with a dull color, appearing blue-green. In later stages, the diseased leaves turn brown and scorched. Diseased plants are easy to pull up. The tip of the main root, fruit stalks, and pods are dark brown and wet-rotted, and the root nodules are dark green. When the diseased stem is cut longitudinally, the vascular bundles are dark brown; when the cross section is kept moist and slightly squeezed, white mucus can be seen overflowing.

[Control] Before sowing, soak seeds in 1000 times 32% Kechun solution for 8 to 12 hours for disinfection and sterilization. In the early stage of disease, spray 2500 to 3000 times agricultural streptomycin or Xinzhi streptomycin, or 1500 to 2000 times 32% Kechun solution, once every 7 to 10 days, spraying 3 to 4 times in succession for control. In addition, spraying Baode biological foliar fertilizer at the early flowering stage can promote beneficial microbial activity in the root system and also play a certain role in inhibiting the development of the pathogen.

Black mold

[Symptoms] Black mold mainly occurs in the early growth stage of peanuts. The pathogen first infects the cotyledons, causing them to turn black and rot, then infects the root and stem of the seedlings. When moist, many mold-like substances grow on the diseased area and cover the stem base, and the stems and leaves lose water, wilt and die.

[Control] Level the land and improve the soil, apply more decomposed organic fertilizer, prevent waterlogging and drain water, and strengthen field management. Dress seeds with 50% carbendazim wettable powder at 0.3% of seed weight.

Southern blight

[Symptoms] After peanut roots, pods and stem bases are infected, they first become brown and soft-rotted. At the root-stem area of the aboveground part, white silky hyphae appear (hence called southern blight), along with rapeseed-like sclerotia. The stems and leaves turn yellow and gradually die, and peanut pods rot. The pathogen begins to germinate under high temperature and high humidity conditions and infects peanuts. It occurs more severely in sandy soil, continuous cropping, and dense planting with poor ventilation, and on rainy days.

[Control] At the peanut sowing stage, apply 1 kg of quintozene per mu mixed with 20 kg of fine moist soil, place it in the sowing furrow and cover the seed. At the same time, pay attention to using agents such as Shennongdan and phorate to prevent underground pests. In the early pod-setting stage of peanuts, spray 20% triadimefon emulsifiable concentrate at 1000 times solution or iprodione at 1000 times solution for control. During the disease period, triadimefon, root rot spirit, thiophanate and other agents can also be used to drench the roots, and the control effect is very obvious.

Peanut pest control

1. Reasonable crop rotation: Good preceding crops for peanuts are gramineous crops such as corn and millet. Avoid continuous cropping.

2. Deep plowing in autumn: Deep plowing in autumn can turn pests up to the ground surface, exposing them to death by sun or letting birds peck them, reducing pest sources.

3. Seed coating: Coat seeds with seed coating agent before sowing. This method can also effectively prevent rodent damage.

4. Soil treatment: When preparing the land before sowing, evenly broadcast 22.5 to 30 kg of 3% granular carbofuran per hectare or 22.5 to 30 kg of 3% phorate granules on the field surface, then shallow-plow into the soil; or spread carbofuran or phorate granules in the sowing furrow before sowing; or mix insecticide into organic fertilizer and use it as base fertilizer.

6. Control larvae: In late June and late July, during the peak hatching and young larval stages of scarab beetles, apply 35 to 45 kg of phoxim granules per hectare plus 250 to 300 kg of fine soil and broadcast it around the peanut root zone, then shallow hoe into the soil. You can also drench the roots with 50% phoxim or 90% trichlorfon at 1000 times solution.

Introduction to peanut seed prices and planting methods

The peanut is a nut with wide consumption, also known as groundnut, longevity fruit, mud bean, etc. It is an annual herbaceous plant of the genus Arachis in the family Fabaceae, with abundant root nodules on the roots and upright or creeping stems. It is commonly cultivated throughout our country, suitable for sandy soil areas with a warm climate and moderate rainfall, and has a relatively long growing season. Let us take a look at peanut seed prices and planting methods below!

How much is a jin of peanut seeds?

The price of peanut seeds is about 8 to 10 yuan per jin, but prices vary greatly depending on seed quality, variety, place of origin, market, etc. Peanuts are very commonly grown in our country. Usually one mu of land needs about twenty jin of peanut seeds, with one thousand holes per mu and two to three seeds per hole. The yield per mu is about 600 jin, and high-yield fields can approach 800 jin.

What varieties of peanuts are there?

1. Common type: The pod shell is thick, the veins are smooth, the pod resembles a cocoon, without a keel, and the kernels are mostly oval. This is the main variety cultivated in our country.

2. Wasp-waist type: The pod shell is very thin, the veins are prominent, with a keel, and there are more than three kernels, occasionally two. The seed coat color is dull and lusterless.

3. Multi-seeded type: There are many kernels in the pod, arranged like a string of beads. The pod shell is thick, the veins are smooth, and the seed coat is mostly red, occasionally white.

4. Pearl type: The pod shell is thin, the pod is small, generally with two kernels, with a high kernel outturn rate and plump kernels, mostly peach-shaped, and the seed coat is mostly white.

Peanut sowing methods

1. Sowing time: The optimum temperature for peanut flowering is 23 to 28°C, with a minimum temperature of 19°C. The optimum temperature for pod setting is 25 to 30°C, with a minimum temperature of 15°C. Sowing time should be reasonably arranged according to local temperatures and local sowing habits. Suitable sowing time is beneficial to high yield.

2. Sowing method: Peanut sowing methods are divided by cultivation method into open-field sowing and film-mulched sowing. Planting density is determined by plant height, fruiting range and leaf area size. Planting density is determined according to climatic characteristics, soil fertility, selected varieties and cultivation conditions.

3. Sowing depth: Peanut sowing depth is best at about 5 cm. Grasp the principles of “do not sow deep when dry, do not sow shallow when wet” and shallow sowing for sticky soil, deeper sowing for sandy soil or plots with high sand content. For open-field cultivation, the deepest must not exceed 7 cm, and the shallowest must not be less than 3 cm.

4. Pressing after sowing: Pressing after sowing is an effective method for drought-resistant peanut sowing to ensure a full stand. Pressing not only reduces soil moisture evaporation, but also brings the seeds into close contact with the soil, promotes the rise of moisture from the lower soil layers, prevents drying out, and facilitates germination and emergence.

Peanut planting methods

1. Checking and replanting seedlings: After peanut emergence, check the seedlings in time, and replant promptly where there are serious gaps, so that the number of seedlings per unit area reaches the planned requirement. This work is generally carried out 3 to 5 days after emergence.

2. Clearing around seedlings to strengthen them: Peanut seedling clearing is done during the first intertillage after the peanut seedlings are fully emerged, using a small hoe to scrape the soil around the peanut seedlings outward on all sides, so that the 2 cotyledons and the first pair of lateral branches are exposed above the soil surface, so as to facilitate robust development of the first pair of lateral branches and make the seedlings grow robustly.

3. Irrigation and drainage: Peanuts fear both drought and waterlogging. The irrigation period is mainly determined according to the amount and distribution of precipitation during the peanut growth period, soil moisture content, and the soil moisture requirements of peanuts at each growth stage.

4. Moderate regulation and control: About 30 days after peanut flowering, in order to prevent excessive vegetative growth, when the plants grow too vigorously and the field rows close too early, spray paclobutrazol on the leaves for chemical control. Application in fields with excessive growth can increase yield by 10%.

5. Pest and disease control: Peanuts are easily infected by leaf spot and peanut rust. For leaf spot, use 70 to 80 kg per mu of 75% thiophanate at 1000 times solution or 70 to 80 kg of 50% carbendazim at 800 to 1000 times solution. For peanut rust, use 30 to 40 ml per mu of 20% triadimefon emulsifiable concentrate mixed with 40 kg of water.