Introduction to Common Pests and Diseases of Garden Flowers and Their Integrated Control Methods

Growing Techniques Jan 1, 1970 0 views

Beautiful flowers are certainly dazzling, but charming garden flowers also suffer from various diseases both big and small. Today, what the editor of Huinong Network brings to you is an introduction to common pests and diseases of garden flowers and their integrated control methods. If you love garden flowers, you definitely should not miss it.

1 Common Diseases of Garden Flowers and Their Control Techniques

1.1 Damping-off

After flowers in the growing period are infected with damping-off, root rot will directly occur. In the early stage of infection, these flowers show brown patches on the roots, and at the same time, the epidermis also appears withered. In the late stage of infection, the most prominent manifestation is that the entire flower plant dies, and some flowers infected with damping-off even show lignification of the plant tissues. The water-retaining function in the tissues is gradually lost, causing the flowers to be unable to obtain nutrients or water through normal channels, directly resulting in upright withering.

Control measures: When plant care workers carry out planting treatment on flowers, the first thing to do is to soak the seeds of those flowers that are easily infected in a medicinal solution. According to the weight of the seeds, mix in Ceresan at a ratio of 1:500 before sowing. At this time, workers need to note that after this treatment step is completed, water must be supplied to the plants that have completed the sowing step, to prevent death from lack of water due to water not being supplied in time.

1.2 Powdery mildew

The flower species easily infected with powdery mildew mainly include cineraria and fuchsia. In the early stage of infection with powdery mildew, these flower varieties mainly show a light gray color on the leaf surface. Usually, a layer of white flocculent material appears on the infected parts. When this white flocculent material extends over the entire leaf surface, the newly growing branches and leaves of the flowers stop growing. Ultimately, the entire flower plant withers. The conditions allowing powdery mildew to spread widely are a stuffy, hot, and poorly ventilated environment.

Control measures: In response to the causes of powdery mildew, workers need to create a dry and ventilated environment for flower growth during the planting process, to meet the growth needs of the flowers. Some chemical control methods can be used for treatment. The use of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can improve the disease resistance of flowers and enhance their immunity. If the flowers have already been infected with powdery mildew at this time, care workers need to remove the infected stems and leaves to prevent the spread of pathogens. Treating the pathogen-infected parts at the source can prevent the disease from threatening the life and health of the entire flower plant.

1.3 Black mold

When flowers are infected with black mold, brown mold spots generally form on their leaves. As the degree of infection deepens, a black mold layer gradually forms, which to a large extent affects photosynthesis in the leaves. At the same time, it also greatly affects the ornamental value of the flowers, and may even cause the flowers to die.

Control measures: The control of black mold in flowers is generally carried out during indoor cultivation. For example, the light transmittance and ventilation of the indoor environment can be improved, and the indoor temperature and humidity should be well controlled. In addition, Bordeaux mixture can be sprayed on already infected plants.

2 Common Insect Pests of Garden Flowers and Their Control Techniques

2.1 Aphids

Aphids, also called plant lice, are a very common type of insect pest during flower cultivation. Generally speaking, aphid species include chrysanthemum aphids, rose long-tube aphids, and green peach aphids. Aphids have strong reproductive capacity and often gather on the undersides of flower leaves, inside tender buds, and in flower buds. Aphid damage causes flower leaves to dry up and, in severe cases, can cause the flowers to die.

Control measures: Agents such as derris extract or pyrethrum can be selected for spraying control, or a 1:1000 laundry detergent aqueous solution can be used for spraying. Especially with enzyme-added laundry detergent, the enzyme components can cause considerable damage to the epidermal tissues of aphids, thereby achieving a very good killing effect. Generally speaking, the spraying cycle is 1 week.

2.2 Red spider mites

Red spider mites are also one of the common insect pests of flowers. Compared with aphids, red spider mites can cause harm to many flowers, such as Chinese roses, jasmine, salvia, and azaleas. Generally speaking, summer is the period with the highest damage rate from red spider mites. These pests often spin webs on the undersides of leaves and then use their piercing-sucking mouthparts to suck the sap and nutrients from the plants. Flowers damaged by red spider mites grow extremely slowly and may even wither and die in severe cases.

Control measures: Select a 1500-fold dilution of dimethoate or an 800-fold dilution of 25% chlordimeform for mist spraying. The spraying cycle is generally half a month. It should be noted that indoor ventilation must be ensured for a period after spraying.

Did everyone understand all of the above? In summary, for the control of common pests and diseases of garden flowers, first, select control methods in a targeted manner, and carry out control work according to the type of agent and the type of pest or disease infection; second, accurately grasp the occurrence patterns of different pest and disease problems, choose the best control period, and deeply analyze the occurrence times and patterns of various common pest and disease problems, so that the best entry point for control can be found; third, the amount of agent used should be well controlled, the sensitivity of flowers to the agent should be accurately understood, and spraying should be differentiated according to different flower species; finally, chemical agents should be used scientifically, and the types of agents should be changed regularly to prevent the development of resistance. For more content related to garden flower knowledge, it is all on Huinong Network!

Common Pests and Diseases of Garden Flowers and Their Control Techniques

Many people in life like to grow flowers and plants to cultivate their character, and many people also grow flowers in large quantities to meet market demand. Although flowers are beautiful when they bloom, many problems are encountered during the planting process, which requires the careful care of those who grow flowers. The greatest harm to flower growth is pests and diseases! So how should flower pests and diseases be controlled? Cherry Little Sister teaches you a few tricks on common pests and diseases of garden flowers and their control techniques!

One: Common Diseases of Garden Flowers and Their Control Techniques

1. Damping-off

After flowers in the growing period are infected with damping-off, root rot will directly occur. In the early stage of infection, these flowers show brown patches on the roots, and at the same time the epidermis also appears withered. In the late stage of infection, the most prominent manifestation is that the entire flower plant dies, and some flowers infected with damping-off even show lignification of the plant tissues. The water-retaining function in the tissues is gradually lost, causing the flowers to be unable to obtain nutrients or water through normal channels, directly resulting in upright withering.

Control measures:When plant care workers carry out planting treatment on flowers, the first thing to do is to soak the seeds of those flowers that are easily infected in a medicinal solution. According to the weight of the seeds, mix in Ceresan at a ratio of 1:500 before sowing. At this time, workers need to note that after this treatment step is completed, water must be supplied to the plants that have completed the sowing step, to prevent death from lack of water due to water not being supplied in time.

2. Powdery mildew

Control measures:In response to the causes of powdery mildew, workers need to create a dry and ventilated environment for flower growth during the planting process, to meet the growth needs of the flowers. Some chemical control methods can be used for treatment. The use of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can improve the disease resistance of flowers and enhance their immunity. If the flowers have already been infected with powdery mildew at this time, care workers need to remove the infected stems and leaves to prevent the spread of pathogens. Treating the pathogen-infected parts at the source can prevent the disease from threatening the life and health of the entire flower plant.

3. Black mold

Two: Common Insect Pests of Garden Flowers and Their Control Techniques

1. Aphids

2. Red spider mites

Control measures:Select a 1500-fold dilution of dimethoate or an 800-fold dilution of 25% chlordimeform for mist spraying. The spraying cycle is generally half a month. It should be noted that indoor ventilation must be ensured for a period after spraying.

In summary, for the control of common pests and diseases of garden flowers, first, select control methods in a targeted manner, and carry out control work according to the type of agent and the type of pest or disease infection; second, accurately grasp the occurrence patterns of different pest and disease problems, choose the best control period, and deeply analyze the occurrence times and patterns of various common pest and disease problems, so that the best entry point for control can be found; third, the amount of agent used should be well controlled, the sensitivity of flowers to the agent should be accurately understood, and spraying should be differentiated according to different flower species; finally, chemical agents should be used scientifically, and the types of agents should be changed regularly to prevent the development of resistance.

Common Pests and Diseases of Potted Geranium and Their Control Methods

Common Pests and Diseases of Potted Geranium and Their Control Methods
Geranium pests and diseases are mainly divided into two major categories. As the name suggests, pests and diseases means insect pests and diseases. In daily care, these situations basically occur, and different treatment plans are adopted according to the size of the situation and the degree of impact. For example, aphids and red spider mites. These two are common insect pests. Aphids are very easy to manage, while red spider mites are almost a chronic problem for most people. Therefore, for these common daily pests and diseases, early prevention should be carried out, and when a small number appear, timely treatment should be applied according to the symptoms.
Geranium diseases
One, Geranium fungal leaf spot disease
Geranium fungal leaf spot disease caused by fungi mainly includes two types: black spot and brown spot. Black spot mainly occurs on old leaves at the lower part of the plant. Initially, small water-soaked spots appear, gradually expanding into necrotic spots. The lesions have concentric rings and bear a small amount of black mold-like material. In severe cases, the lesions merge, and the leaves shrink, turn black, and die. On leaves affected by brown spot, pinpoint yellow spots first appear, gradually developing into brown round spots. On the upper surface of the leaf, the edges of the lesions are slightly raised, while the corresponding areas on the underside are slightly sunken. Severely affected leaves turn yellow and easily fall off, and light black mold-like material appears on both sides.

1. Occurrence pattern: Black spot is caused by Alternaria fungi, and brown spot is caused by Cercospora geranii. Both pathogens belong to the Deuteromycotina. Under warm and damp conditions, the disease occurs more severely.
2. Control methods: Strictly control the frequency and amount of watering, ventilate in a timely manner to remove moisture, and pay attention to improving light conditions. Promptly remove diseased leaves, clear away diseased residues, and burn them in a centralized manner. Spray early with a 1000-fold solution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, or an 800-fold solution of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder, or an 800-1000-fold solution of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, or a 500-fold solution of 80% zineb wettable powder, or a 1:1:100 Bordeaux mixture.
Two, Geranium gray mold
It mainly causes flower blight, leaf spots, and cutting rot. When flowers are affected, the small flowers in the middle are infected first, and the flowers wither and fall off early. When the weather is humid, a gray mold layer grows on the diseased parts, and the rotting small flowers stick together. Irregular water-soaked brown spots appear on the leaves, which become soft and rotten and grow a gray mold layer, then later dry and shrink. After the stems and petioles are affected, water-soaked brown spots with indistinct edges form, and rot occurs.

1. Occurrence pattern: Caused by Botrytis cinerea. It occurs more often in cool and humid environments. The most important trigger for this disease is frequent watering at low temperatures.
2. Control methods: Potting soil that has been used to grow infected flowers must be replaced or disinfected before use. Promptly remove diseased flowers and leaves, pull out severely diseased plants, and destroy them in a centralized manner to avoid spreading the infection. When planting, apply sufficient base fertilizer, appropriately increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer. Avoid watering on cloudy days and at night. It is best to water in the morning on sunny days, and after watering, ventilate to remove moisture. Do not water too much at one time, and try not to pour water on the leaf surface. In the early stage of the disease, agents can be selected such as a 2000-fold solution of 50% procymidone wettable powder, or a 1500-fold solution of 50% iprodione wettable powder, or an 800-1000-fold solution of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, or a 1000-fold solution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, or a 1500-fold solution of 50% vinclozolin wettable powder, or a 1500-fold solution of 65% metalaxyl wettable powder, for foliar spraying. Spray once every two weeks, for 3-4 consecutive sprays. If conditions permit, a 300-500-fold solution of 10% Ludi emulsifiable concentrate or a 500-700-fold solution of 15% Ludi wettable powder can be used.
Three, Geranium rust disease
On geraniums attacked by rust disease, reddish-brown blister spots appear on the leaves, petioles, and stems. In severe cases, the leaves lose their green color and fall off.

1. Occurrence pattern: The pathogen is a species of Puccinia. The pathogen attaches to the diseased parts as urediniospores and can survive for 6 months, infecting and causing disease when conditions are suitable.
2. Control methods: When the disease occurs, promptly remove diseased leaves, or even pull out diseased plants, and burn them thoroughly. In the early stage of the disease, promptly spray a 1000-fold solution of 15% triadimefon wettable powder, or a 4000-fold solution of 40% oxadixyl wettable powder, or a 500-700-fold solution of 80% zineb wettable powder, or a 2000-fold solution of 30% triflumizole wettable powder, or a 500-fold solution of 20% carboxin emulsifiable concentrate, or a 3000-fold solution of 25% propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate, or a 9000-10000-fold solution of 40% flusilazole emulsifiable concentrate. Spray once every 10-15 days, for 3-4 consecutive sprays.
Four, Geranium sclerotinia rot
This disease mainly occurs at the base of the geranium stem. At the beginning of the disease, the lesions are light brown, water-soaked, and slightly sunken, then extend upward, and the diseased tissue rots. When humid, white mold-like material is produced on the diseased parts. In the later stage, the white mold-like material inside the stem produces black mouse-dropping-like sclerotia.

1. Occurrence pattern: The pathogen of geranium sclerotinia rot is Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. A temperature of around 20°C and a relative humidity above 85% are favorable for the growth and development of the pathogen. The pathogen overwinters in diseased tissues and soil as sclerotia. When conditions are suitable, the sclerotia germinate, and the ascospores spread through wind and rain, and can also spread and expand through mycelial growth. Heavy, sticky, and moist soil, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, overly dense plants, low temperatures, and excessive humidity can all aggravate the occurrence of the disease.
2. Control methods: Flower pots should not be placed too densely, so as to improve ventilation and light transmission between plants. Strengthen fertilizer and water management, apply more fully decomposed organic fertilizer, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and do not apply excessive nitrogen fertilizer, so as to improve the disease resistance of the plants. Before and in the early stage of the disease, apply plant ash and slaked lime, mix the two evenly at a ratio of 4:1, and spread it on the soil surface at the middle and lower parts of the plants and at the stem base. In the early stage of the disease, spray for control as early as possible. Agents can be selected such as a 600-700-fold solution of 40% carbendazim-sulfur suspension concentrate, or a 500-600-fold solution of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, or a 600-fold solution of 50% mixed sulfur suspension concentrate, or a 500-fold solution of 40% dimethachlon wettable powder, or a 1500-fold solution of 50% benomyl wettable powder, or a 1000-1500-fold solution of 50% iprodione wettable powder.
Five, Geranium bacterial leaf spot disease (different from the first fungal leaf spot disease)
Also called geranium bacterial blight, it mainly harms leaves, and also infects stems and branches. After the leaves are infected, initially there are water-soaked brown small spots, which later expand into dark brown round or irregular lesions. In severe cases, the lesions form patches, and the leaves become necrotic and dry up. After the stems and branches are affected, the vascular bundles turn brown or black, the stems and branches blacken and shrink, showing dry rot, the leaves on the stems wither and fall off, and the dead spots are polygonal.

1. Occurrence pattern: This disease is caused by a species of Xanthomonas. The bacteria can spread and expand through contact between cuttings, splashing water droplets, and the movement of insects. Plants cultivated too densely and excessive vegetative growth make the disease more likely to occur. High temperature and humidity, and improper fertilization also favor the disease. Old leaves at the lower part of the plant are severely affected. The resistance of different varieties to this disease varies greatly. Pelargonium grandiflorum is highly resistant, while Pelargonium peltatum is highly susceptible.
2. Control methods: Flower pots can be soaked in a 10% bleaching powder solution for 10-30 minutes. The soaking solution must be freshly prepared and used immediately. Or use 40% formalin diluted with water to make a 2% medicinal solution and soak the flower pots for 10 minutes. Remove all diseased leaves and diseased branches, and the plants should not be too dense. Temperature and humidity must be well controlled. The watering method and time should be reasonable. Do not spray water directly on the plants, to avoid spreading the disease through splashing water droplets. In the early stage of the disease, promptly spray a 500-fold solution of 50% copper bis(8-quinolinolate) (DT) wettable powder. This agent cannot be mixed with other chemicals. Or a 500-fold solution of 60% DTM wettable powder, or a 400-fold solution of 77% copper hydroxide wettable powder, or a 500-600-fold solution of 70% chlorothalonil wettable powder, or a 4000-fold solution of 72% streptomycin sulfate, or a 4000-fold solution of Xinzhi streptomycin, for foliar spraying. Apply once every 7-10 days, for 3-4 consecutive sprays.
Six, Geranium crown gall disease
Also called crown gall, it mainly occurs at the root crown of geranium, and some also occur on the stems and branch nodes. In the early stage of infection, small tumor-like growths can be seen, which then gradually enlarge and harden. The surface is cracked and rough, grayish-white to flesh-colored, and varies in size. Many hair-like structures often grow on the surface of the tumors. Affected plants become stunted, the leaves produced are small and often lose their green color, flowering is reduced, and the flowering period is short. In severe cases, it causes leaf drop and branch drying, and even death of the entire plant.

1. Occurrence pattern: The disease is caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The pathogen survives on the surface layer of the tumors and in the soil, spreads through rainwater and irrigation water, invades through wounds, and the root crown area at the soil surface is easily infected. Continuous cropping and wounds at the root crown make the disease severe.
2. Control methods: When the rate of bacteria carried by seedlings is high or diseased plants are found, soak the base of the seedling stems in 1% copper sulfate for 5 minutes, then soak in 2% lime water for 1 minute. In the early stage of the disease, cut off the tumors with a knife, then apply lime-sulfur mixture or a 1:1:100 Bordeaux mixture, a 400-500-fold solution of 25% thiadiazole, or a 2000-3000-fold solution of 90% streptomycin to the wounds. In addition, injecting penicillin and streptomycin is also very effective.
Seven, Geranium edema disease
Edema is a physiological disease, mostly occurring in trailing series varieties. When the plant absorbs a large amount of water and cannot evaporate it in time through the leaf surface, this symptom appears. At first, the symptoms appear on the underside of the leaves, appearing blister-like. When the plant is stressed by water, light, pH, and other environmental conditions, the blisters rupture. The symptoms are similar to those damaged by spider mites. During the growth process, the occurrence of this disease can be relatively effectively controlled through the following operations: ensure the plant does not lack water and dry out, especially when the environmental temperature is relatively high; in January and February, do not over-irrigate the plants, try not to use flower pot saucers, ensure sufficient air circulation, keep relative humidity below 75%, and when humidity is relatively high, carry out heating and ventilation; carry out shading treatment to avoid sudden strong light exposure; keep the pH value between 5.6 and 5.7, and the substrate should not lack iron; choose early morning for irrigation time, and regularly supplement calcium nitrate fertilizer.
Geranium insect pests
One, Black-spotted silver Y moth
Larva: The final instar larva is 32 mm long. The head is brown, with black spots on both cheeks; the body is yellow-green, with 8 pale longitudinal stripes on the back, and the spiracular line is pale yellow; there are 3 pairs of thoracic legs, black; 2 pairs of abdominal prolegs; 1 pair of anal prolegs, yellow-green.
Adult: About 17 mm, with a wingspan of 34 mm, blackish-brown, with brown hair patches on the back of the metathorax and the first and third abdominal segments. The center of the forewings has prominent silver spots and a U-shaped silver marking; the hindwings are light brown, with the outer margin blackish-brown. Eggs are hemispherical, yellow-green, with a longitudinal and transverse grid pattern on the surface.

Control methods
1. During the adult occurrence period, use black light lamps and other methods to trap adult insects.
2. Spray a 4500-fold solution of 90% methomyl water-soluble concentrate, or a 4000-fold solution of 75% thiodicarb, a 2500-fold solution of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, a 3000-fold solution of 5% chlorfluazuron emulsifiable concentrate, or a 3000-fold solution of 5.7% beta-cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate.
Two, Whitefly
It has piercing-sucking mouthparts. Adults and nymphs suck plant sap. Affected leaves lose their green color, turn yellow, wilt, and even the entire plant dies. In addition, because of its strong reproductive capacity, fast reproduction speed, and huge population, it causes damage in groups and secretes large amounts of honeydew, seriously contaminating leaves and plants. Morphological characteristics: Adults are about 0.9-1.4 mm long, pale yellow-white or white, both males and females have wings, and the entire body is covered with white waxy powder. Females are larger than males, and their ovipositors are needle-shaped. Eggs are long oval, about 0.2-0.25 mm long, pale yellow when first laid, later turning blackish-brown, with an egg stalk, laid on the underside of leaves. Larvae (or nymphs) are oval and flat, pale yellow or dark green, with wax filamentous protrusions of uneven length on the body surface. Pupae are oval, about 0.7-0.8 mm long, slightly raised in the middle, yellow-brown, with 5-8 pairs of wax filaments of uneven length on the back.

Control measures
1. Chemical spraying can be used for control. The agents include 600-800-fold thrips-whitefly net, thrips-armor-whitefly 1+1, acetamiprid, 0.30% (matrine), thiamethoxam, nitenpyram, fenpropathrin-malathion emulsifiable concentrate, cypermethrin-zinc emulsifiable concentrate, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, or bifenthrin, etc.
Three, Aphids
Plants attacked by aphids have many different symptoms, such as reduced growth rate, leaf spots, yellowing, poor development, leaf curling, reduced yield, withering, and death. Aphids' extraction of sap causes plants to lose vigor, and aphid saliva is also toxic to plants.

Control measures
1. Use imidacloprid series products according to the instructions, and control is relatively easy.

Introduction to Common Pests and Diseases of Garden Flowers and Their Integrated Control Methods

Common Pests and Diseases of Garden Flowers and Their Control Techniques

Common Pests and Diseases of Potted Geranium and Their Control Methods

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