Cherry Blossom Pest and Disease Control Methods and Key Points for Summer and Autumn Management Techniques
1. Disease control
Leaf blight
(1) Remove and burn diseased leaves, spray Bordeaux mixture before bud break; (2) From May to June, spray 65% zineb wettable powder at 500 times dilution, once every 7 to 10 days, for 2 to 3 consecutive sprays.
Brown spot disease
(1) Strengthen cultivation management, create good ventilation and light conditions, apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to enhance disease resistance; (2) In autumn, clear away diseased fallen leaves and, combined with pruning, cut off diseased branches to reduce infection sources for the coming year; (3) During the disease period, spray 65% zineb at 600 times dilution or 50% carbendazim at 1000 times dilution.
Powdery mildew
You can use 70% thiophanate-methyl at 1000 times dilution, or 65% zineb wettable powder at 500 times dilution, spraying once every 1 to 5 days. Try to avoid using dichlorvos to prevent leaf drop. Water appropriately and increase foliar fertilizer spraying (0.3% to 0.5% urea, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate) to ensure leaves remain intact, thick in texture and dark green.
Crown gall disease
(1) Nursery stock infected with crown gall disease must be centrally destroyed; before planting, nursery stock should preferably be soaked in 1% copper sulfate for 5 to 10 minutes, then rinsed with water before planting; (2) When diseased plants are found, the galls and surrounding tissue can be thoroughly removed with a knife or saw; (3) For the soil around diseased plants, sulfur powder can be applied at 50 to 100 grams per sq m for disinfection. At the same time, pay attention to soil improvement.
2. Pest control
Scale insects
(1) The most favorable period for controlling scale insects is the peak hatching period of nymphs, spray 25% phosmet at 600 to 800 times dilution or 40% omethoate emulsifiable concentrate at 1000 times dilution; (2) Spray 5 degrees Baumé lime-sulfur mixture or 3% to 5% diesel emulsion to eliminate overwintering nymphs, with good results.
Pear lace bug
(1) In winter, clear weeds and dead branches and fallen leaves, and centrally destroy them; (2) When individual newly emerged white adults are found among nymph clusters on leaves, it indicates that the first generation of nymphs has basically hatched out, and pesticide should be sprayed promptly for control. This is the favorable period for control; 90% trichlorfon at 1000 times dilution, or 50% malathion emulsifiable concentrate at 1500 times dilution, or 40% omethoate at 1000 times dilution can be used for control.
Lesser clearwing moth
(1) Apply lime coating on cherry blossom branches and trunks to prevent egg laying; (2) In spring, when holes are seen on dry branches with gum oozing out or insect frass, use a hammer to tap and crush the larvae inside, or use a small knife to cut open the bark and kill the larvae. Then apply fungicide; (3) Use 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate at 700 times dilution to smear the borer entry points or spray the entire branches and trunks to kill young larvae.
Red spider mite
(1) When red spider mites are found on individual cherry blossoms, remove them promptly; (2) Before cherry blossom bud break in early spring, spray the trunk with crystalline lime-sulfur mixture at 300 to 500 times dilution to eliminate overwintering female adults and eggs; (3) During the damage period, spray 50% bromopropylate emulsion at 2500 times dilution or omethoate and other pesticides; (4) Because mites easily develop pesticide resistance, pay attention to alternating the use of acaricides.
Aphids
(1) When the number of insects is not large, spray clean water to wash them off or, combined with pruning, cut off infested branches for disposal; (2) In mid-to-late April, bury 5% aldicarb granules at the area with the most fibrous roots around the tree, using 1 to 2 grams per tree, buried at a depth of 2 cm, with good results; (3) You can spray 50% menazon emulsifiable concentrate at 1000 to 1500 times dilution, 2.5% deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate at 4000 to 5000 times dilution, or 20% fenvalerate emulsifiable concentrate at 2000 times dilution.
3. Balanced fertilization Autumn application of base fertilizer is a good opportunity to rejuvenate tree vigor and promote flower bud differentiation. Generally, base fertilizer is applied in early September, when the fertilizer has sufficient time to decompose and can be absorbed and utilized by the tree before dormancy. At this time, the roots cut during fertilization can heal quickly and sprout a large number of absorbing roots, improving the tree's absorption and utilization rate of fertilizer. The types of fertilizer applied are mainly decomposed farmyard manure, combined with a small amount of chemical fertilizer. Generally, young trees are given 50 to 75 kg of farmyard manure per tree. Autumn base fertilizer should not be applied too deep, with 40 to 50 cm being appropriate. Young trees can use the trench application method, and robust trees can use the broadcast application method. If nutrient deficiency symptoms are found in the tree, a small amount of trace elements can be appropriately mixed in.
4. Deep digging of the tree basin Before the peak period of autumn cherry blossom root growth arrives, combined with the application of base fertilizer, deep dig the tree basin, which can increase the amount of deep roots and also has the effects of storing water and preserving moisture, raising ground temperature, and improving soil. When deep digging the tree basin, pay attention to cleaning up dead branches, fallen leaves, weeds, etc. in the tree basin, and centrally burn them to eliminate overwintering pest sources and fungal sources, reducing the occurrence and damage of pests and diseases in the coming year.
5. Reasonable pruning In autumn, according to the growth condition of the tree, promptly thin out dense branches, crossing branches, overlapping branches, and diseased and pest-infested branches to improve the ventilation and light conditions of the canopy, enhance photosynthesis, and rejuvenate tree vigor. Wounds caused by pruning should be smoothed and scraped clean with a sharp knife, disinfected by applying 5 degrees lime-sulfur mixture, and then coated with tung oil and other protective agents to prevent wound rot.
Cultivation and Pest and Disease Control of Cherry Blossoms
Cherry blossom is a deciduous tree of the genus Cerasus in the Rosaceae family, native to Japan, and widely cultivated in North China and areas to the south in China. It is an important early spring flowering tree species. Its cultivation and management techniques are introduced below for reference only.
Requirements for the planting environment
Cherry blossoms prefer light and should be planted in places with sufficient sunlight. In shady places and under large trees, due to insufficient light, they will grow slowly, fail to thrive, have small and yellow leaves, small or no flowers, and even if there are flowers, the colors will not be vivid; in severe cases, they may even die. Cherry blossom roots are relatively shallow and are neither drought-tolerant nor waterlogging-tolerant. They prefer a moist but not waterlogged environment and grow vigorously when planted in lawns. They should not be planted beside ditches or in low-lying areas, as planting in these two types of places often leads to death due to root rot; cherry blossoms are suitable for planting in sandy loam with good water and air permeability, and grow poorly in clay soil. They prefer fertile soil and are not tolerant of barrenness. Some varieties have a certain tolerance to salinity and alkalinity; for example, Japanese late cherry can grow normally in mildly saline-alkaline soil with a pH value of 8.7 and a salt content of 0.15%, with no adverse reactions observed; cherry blossoms have relatively high requirements for air quality and poor resistance to toxic and harmful gases such as smoke dust and sulfur dioxide, so they are not suitable for greening in industrial and mining areas. Cherry blossoms prefer a warm environment. In North China and southern Northeast China, planting sites should preferably be leeward and sunny. Seedlings planted in open areas and windy openings are highly prone to shoot dieback.
Planting requirements and water and fertilizer management
Cherry blossoms can be planted in early spring or after leaf drop in late autumn. Comparatively speaking, the survival rate of autumn planting is higher than that of spring planting, and they sprout earlier, and can also be brought to bloom. Spring planting should be carried out before bud break in early spring. After planting, flower buds should be removed to reduce nutrient consumption and ensure survival. For spring planting of cherry blossoms, it is best to use a soil ball, with the soil ball diameter being 8 to 10 times the diameter at breast height or ground diameter. In autumn, they can also be planted without a soil ball, but the planting time should be shortened as much as possible. When planting, apply an appropriate amount of decomposed and fermented barnyard manure as base fertilizer, and the base fertilizer should be fully mixed with the subsoil to avoid fertilizer burn. It is worth noting that autumn planting should be appropriately deep, with the planting depth able to be 3 to 5 cm above the soil ball or root zone, while in spring it should be level with the soil ball or soil mark; too deep can easily cause bud suffocation. After planting, water thoroughly immediately, water a second time after two days, and water a third time after another three days.
After cherry blossoms enter normal management, each year after flowering, some sesame paste residue and about 100 grams of ammonium sulfate fertilizer can be applied. This fertilization can promptly supplement the nutrients consumed by flowering. After leaf drop in autumn, some decomposed and fermented barnyard manure or compost can be applied. This fertilization can make the plant have luxuriant branches and leaves the following year, with large and vividly colored flowers and a longer flowering period. For some plants with relatively weak growth and thin branches and leaves, while applying fertilizer to the roots, foliar fertilization can also be carried out. Fertilization can be based on different growth stages using different fertilizers: in spring, 0.5% urea solution can be applied; in summer, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be applied; in autumn, in order to prevent excessive shoot growth, fertilizer is generally not applied.
Cherry blossoms prefer a moist environment. In early March in spring, before bud break, water once with green-returning water. This watering must be sufficient and thorough. This measure can lower ground temperature, delay sprouting, effectively prevent the harm of late spring cold, and also promptly provide the water needed for bud break. In North China, spring monsoon winds are strong and last a long time, and plant transpiration is relatively high, so appropriate watering should also be done in April and May. Plants planted in lawns can be watered together when the lawn is irrigated and do not need separate watering. When there is more rainfall in summer, drainage should be timely to prevent root rot from excessive water, but in dry weather with little rain, appropriate watering is also very necessary. For plants planted in the same year, when the climate is relatively dry, foliar spraying can also be carried out, generally before 9 a.m. and after 5 p.m. In autumn, if it is not particularly dry, generally do not water, because excessive water easily causes excessive shoot growth, which is not conducive to the plant's safe overwintering. Before winter begins, sufficient and thorough antifreeze water should be applied in combination with fertilization. This watering is generally best from late November to early December, with the specific time determined by the temperature conditions of that year. Watering too early or too late will not achieve the cold protection effect.
Propagation methods
The commonly used propagation method for cherry blossoms is grafting. Grafting can use the bud grafting method and the branch grafting method. Through years of practice, the author used wild peach as rootstock to graft flowering almond, and then grafted cherry blossoms onto the flowering almond. This not only has a high survival rate, but the plants also grow vigorously and have relatively strong disease resistance. Bud grafting is generally carried out in July and August. The graft buds must be robust, plump and free of pests and diseases; branch grafting generally uses the bark grafting method, from mid-to-late March to early April.
Pest and disease control
1. Common pests
Common pests of cherry blossoms include: brown marmorated stink bug, green peach aphid, carrot willow aphid, apple yellow aphid, Japanese felt scale, wisteria mealybug, white peach scale, red kidney-shaped scale, Korean brown scale, yellow slug moth, cotton belt tortrix, bagworm, tea bagworm, brown tortrix, green-edged slug moth, etc. If they occur, 3% high-penetration fenoxycarb emulsifiable concentrate at 3000 times dilution can be sprayed to kill brown marmorated stink bug; 10% imidacloprid wettable granules at 2000 times dilution can be sprayed to kill green peach aphid, carrot willow aphid, and apple yellow aphid; 3% high-penetration fenoxycarb emulsifiable concentrate at 3000 times dilution, or 10% imidacloprid wettable granules at 2000 times dilution, or 95% scale-mite spirit emulsion at 400 times dilution, or 20% sujieke emulsifiable concentrate at 1000 times dilution can be sprayed to kill Japanese felt scale, wisteria mealybug, white peach scale, red kidney-shaped scale, and Korean brown scale; 3% high-penetration fenoxycarb emulsifiable concentrate at 3000 times dilution or 1.2% nicotine anabasine at 1000 times dilution can be sprayed to kill gypsy moth, brown tortrix, cotton brown belt tortrix, bagworm, and tea bagworm; 20% diflubenzuron suspension concentrate at 7000 times dilution and Bt emulsion at 500 times dilution can be sprayed to kill yellow slug moth and green-edged slug moth.
2. Common diseases
Common diseases of cherry blossoms include root nodule disease, anthracnose and brown spot shot hole disease.
If root nodule disease occurs, the affected plant can be dug up, the soil washed off, and the roots soaked in 1% copper sulfate solution for 5 to 8 minutes. After soaking, rinse them, and then replant. Cut off the nodular growths, apply 0.1% mercuric chloride solution to the wounds, and then replant.
If anthracnose occurs, 70% mancozeb wettable granules at 1000 times dilution, or 50% carbendazim wettable granules at 500 times dilution, or 50% thiram wettable granules at 1000 times dilution can be sprayed alternately, for 3 to 4 consecutive sprays, with an interval of 7 to 10 days each time. In winter, promptly sweep up fallen leaves and centrally burn them. During the disease period, foliar spraying on plants is prohibited.
If brown spot shot hole disease occurs, spray crystalline sulfur mixture at 50 to 100 times dilution before tree bud break for protection. After the disease occurs, spray 50% kasugamycin-copper at 1000 times dilution for control, once every 10 days; 3 to 4 consecutive sprays can effectively control this disease.
Cultivation and Pest and Disease Control of Cherry Blossoms
China Landscape Web, April 1 news: Cherry blossom is a deciduous tree of the genus Cerasus in the Rosaceae family, native to Japan, and widely cultivated in North China and areas to the south in China. It is an important early spring flowering tree species. Its cultivation and management techniques are introduced below for reference only.
Requirements for the planting environment
Cherry blossoms prefer light and should be planted in places with sufficient sunlight. In shady places and under large trees, due to insufficient light, they will grow slowly, fail to thrive, have small and yellow leaves, small or no flowers, and even if there are flowers, the colors will not be vivid; in severe cases, they may even die. Cherry blossom roots are relatively shallow and are neither drought-tolerant nor waterlogging-tolerant. They prefer a moist but not waterlogged environment and grow vigorously when planted in lawns. They should not be planted beside ditches or in low-lying areas, as planting in these two types of places often leads to death due to root rot; cherry blossoms are suitable for planting in sandy loam with good water and air permeability, and grow poorly in clay soil. They prefer fertile soil and are not tolerant of barrenness. Some varieties have a certain tolerance to salinity and alkalinity; for example, Japanese late cherry can grow normally in mildly saline-alkaline soil with a pH value of 8.7 and a salt content of 0.15%, with no adverse reactions observed; cherry blossoms have relatively high requirements for air quality and poor resistance to toxic and harmful gases such as smoke dust and sulfur dioxide, so they are not suitable for greening in industrial and mining areas. Cherry blossoms prefer a warm environment. In North China and southern Northeast China, planting sites should preferably be leeward and sunny. Seedlings planted in open areas and windy openings are highly prone to shoot dieback.
Planting requirements and water and fertilizer management
Cherry blossoms can be planted in early spring or after leaf drop in late autumn. Comparatively speaking, the survival rate of autumn planting is higher than that of spring planting, and they sprout earlier, and can also be brought to bloom. Spring planting should be carried out before bud break in early spring. After planting, flower buds should be removed to reduce nutrient consumption and ensure survival. For spring planting of cherry blossoms, it is best to use a soil ball, with the soil ball diameter being 8 to 10 times the diameter at breast height or ground diameter. In autumn, they can also be planted without a soil ball, but the planting time should be shortened as much as possible. When planting, apply an appropriate amount of decomposed and fermented barnyard manure as base fertilizer, and the base fertilizer should be fully mixed with the subsoil to avoid fertilizer burn. It is worth noting that autumn planting should be appropriately deep, with the planting depth able to be 3 to 5 cm above the soil ball or root zone, while in spring it should be level with the soil ball or soil mark; too deep can easily cause bud suffocation. After planting, water thoroughly immediately, water a second time after two days, and water a third time after another three days.
After cherry blossoms enter normal management, each year after flowering, some sesame paste residue and about 100 grams of ammonium sulfate fertilizer can be applied. This fertilization can promptly supplement the nutrients consumed by flowering. After leaf drop in autumn, some decomposed and fermented barnyard manure or compost can be applied. This fertilization can make the plant have luxuriant branches and leaves the following year, with large and vividly colored flowers and a longer flowering period. For some plants with relatively weak growth and thin branches and leaves, while applying fertilizer to the roots, foliar fertilization can also be carried out. Fertilization can be based on different growth stages using different fertilizers: in spring, 0.5% urea solution can be applied; in summer, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be applied; in autumn, in order to prevent excessive shoot growth, fertilizer is generally not applied.
Cherry blossoms prefer a moist environment. In early March in spring, before bud break, water once with green-returning water. This watering must be sufficient and thorough. This measure can lower ground temperature, delay sprouting, effectively prevent the harm of late spring cold, and also promptly provide the water needed for bud break. In North China, spring monsoon winds are strong and last a long time, and plant transpiration is relatively high, so appropriate watering should also be done in April and May. Plants planted in lawns can be watered together when the lawn is irrigated and do not need separate watering. When there is more rainfall in summer, drainage should be timely to prevent root rot from excessive water, but in dry weather with little rain, appropriate watering is also very necessary. For plants planted in the same year, when the climate is relatively dry, foliar spraying can also be carried out, generally before 9 a.m. and after 5 p.m. In autumn, if it is not particularly dry, generally do not water, because excessive water easily causes excessive shoot growth, which is not conducive to the plant's safe overwintering. Before winter begins, sufficient and thorough antifreeze water should be applied in combination with fertilization. This watering is generally best from late November to early December, with the specific time determined by the temperature conditions of that year. Watering too early or too late will not achieve the cold protection effect.
Propagation methods
The commonly used propagation method for cherry blossoms is grafting. Grafting can use the bud grafting method and the branch grafting method. Through years of practice, the author used wild peach as rootstock to graft flowering almond, and then grafted cherry blossoms onto the flowering almond. This not only has a high survival rate, but the plants also grow vigorously and have relatively strong disease resistance. Bud grafting is generally carried out in July and August. The graft buds must be robust, plump and free of pests and diseases; branch grafting generally uses the bark grafting method, from mid-to-late March to early April.
Pest and disease control
1. Common pests
Common pests of cherry blossoms include: brown marmorated stink bug, green peach aphid, carrot willow aphid, apple yellow aphid, Japanese felt scale, wisteria mealybug, white peach scale, red kidney-shaped scale, Korean brown scale, yellow slug moth, cotton belt tortrix, bagworm, tea bagworm, brown tortrix, green-edged slug moth, etc. If they occur, 3% high-penetration fenoxycarb emulsifiable concentrate at 3000 times dilution can be sprayed to kill brown marmorated stink bug; 10% imidacloprid wettable granules at 2000 times dilution can be sprayed to kill green peach aphid, carrot willow aphid, and apple yellow aphid; 3% high-penetration fenoxycarb emulsifiable concentrate at 3000 times dilution, or 10% imidacloprid wettable granules at 2000 times dilution, or 95% scale-mite spirit emulsion at 400 times dilution, or 20% sujieke emulsifiable concentrate at 1000 times dilution can be sprayed to kill Japanese felt scale, wisteria mealybug, white peach scale, red kidney-shaped scale, and Korean brown scale; 3% high-penetration fenoxycarb emulsifiable concentrate at 3000 times dilution or 1.2% nicotine anabasine at 1000 times dilution can be sprayed to kill gypsy moth, brown tortrix, cotton brown belt tortrix, bagworm, and tea bagworm; 20% diflubenzuron suspension concentrate at 7000 times dilution and Bt emulsion at 500 times dilution can be sprayed to kill yellow slug moth and green-edged slug moth.
2. Common diseases
Common diseases of cherry blossoms include root nodule disease, anthracnose and brown spot shot hole disease.
If root nodule disease occurs, the affected plant can be dug up, the soil washed off, and the roots soaked in 1% copper sulfate solution for 5 to 8 minutes. After soaking, rinse them, and then replant. Cut off the nodular growths, apply 0.1% mercuric chloride solution to the wounds, and then replant.
If anthracnose occurs, 70% mancozeb wettable granules at 1000 times dilution, or 50% carbendazim wettable granules at 500 times dilution, or 50% thiram wettable granules at 1000 times dilution can be sprayed alternately, for 3 to 4 consecutive sprays, with an interval of 7 to 10 days each time. In winter, promptly sweep up fallen leaves and centrally burn them. During the disease period, foliar spraying on plants is prohibited.
If brown spot shot hole disease occurs, spray crystalline sulfur mixture at 50 to 100 times dilution before tree bud break for protection. After the disease occurs, spray 50% kasugamycin-copper at 1000 times dilution for control, once every 10 days; 3 to 4 consecutive sprays can effectively control this disease.