What are the propagation techniques for black locust? A full breakdown of seedling methods
Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), also known as false acacia, is fairly drought-tolerant and can grow normally on arid sunny slopes and sandy land in North China and Northwest China. It is a good tree species for timber, soil and water conservation, windbreak and sand fixation, and "four-side" greening in North China and Northwest China. Black locust is a mycorrhizal symbiotic tree species that can fix nitrogen and improve the soil, so it can also grow normally on poor soil, but it prefers deep, fertile, well-drained soil and tolerates light saline-alkali soil. It has strong sprouting ability and root-sucker ability. Such a beautiful tree, can it be planted? The market prospects are quite good. Let us take a look at the propagation techniques for black locust!
I. Fine root segment seedling raising
1. Preparation of the germination bed. Choose a high, dry, wind-sheltered, sunny spot, make a level bed, water it to build up soil moisture, and rake it fine and level. You can also choose to germinate in a sand bed in a greenhouse.
2. Sowing root segments. Cut fine roots with a thickness of more than 0.3 cm into root segments 3-5 cm long, and dip the roots in Jinbaobei Genmiaozhuang. Open furrows on the soil surface, sow the root segments into the furrows, with a covering of soil just thick enough not to expose the root segments, sowing 300 root segments per square meter. Then spray enough water; when spraying, avoid washing the root segments out of the soil, and cover with plastic film to raise soil temperature and preserve moisture.
3. Transplanting the sprouted seedlings. When the sprouted seedlings on the level bed grow to 5-10 cm high, begin airing the bed to harden the seedlings, and three days later begin transplanting the sprouted seedlings to the nursery ground. The land preparation method for the nursery ground is the same as that for coarse root segment seedling raising.
II. Coarse root segment seedling raising
1. Planting and germination. Cut coarse roots with a thickness of more than 0.5 cm into root segments 10 cm long. When cutting the roots, distinguish the large and small ends (upper and lower ends) of the root segments and cut marks on them. Dig a germination pool 1.2 m wide and 15 cm deep, with the length depending on the number of seed roots. Place the seed root segments in the pool with the large end up and at a 45° slant, dip the roots in Jinbaobei Genmiaozhuang, and spread a layer of sandy soil over each layer of seed roots. After arranging the seed roots, pour 40 jin of water per meter of length, then cover the surface with 2-3 cm of sandy soil. Build an arched shed over the germination pool to raise temperature and preserve moisture. After about 10 days, when the young sprouts grow to the size of mung beans, begin cuttings. Note that during germination, the soil temperature in the shed should be kept below 30°C and the air temperature below 35°C.
2. Preparation of the seedling ground. Choose flat land, and after deep plowing, applying organic fertilizer, and raking fine and level, make ridges with 60 cm spacing, with the ridge top 10 cm high and 20 cm wide. Water thoroughly to make the soil moist, in preparation for transplanting.
3. Cuttings. Take out the root segments that have sprouted, and insert them on the ridge tops of the nursery ground. Use a shovel to dig a 10 cm deep slit in the ground, put the seed root segments in, make the upper end of the root segments level with the ridge top, and close and firm the slit. Combined with watering, apply Jinbaobei Genmiaozhuang, which can increase the survival rate of the seedlings, shorten the recovery period, speed up rooting, and overcome obstacles such as soil temperature (low or high temperature).
III. Seedling density
For seedling raising, the plant and row spacing can be 30×60 cm to 30×80 cm, with 3000-3500 plants per mu being suitable, and no more than 4000 plants at the densest. It varies according to seedling raising techniques, nursery soil fertility, and the degree of careful management.
IV. Seed seedling raising
1. Seed treatment. Black locust seeds contain varying numbers of hard seeds, and it is best to treat them by gradually raising the temperature and soaking them multiple times. That is, first soak the seeds in 60°C water, let them cool naturally, leave them for 24 hours, and then take out the swollen seeds; for seeds that have not swollen, soak them again in 80°C water, cool again, cover the removed swollen seeds with wet burlap or straw mats, and sweat the seeds to promote germination. After 1.5-2 days, the seeds can be sown once they begin to sprout.
2. Sowing. The sowing period is from late March to early April. Apply 3000-5000 kg of organic fertilizer such as barnyard manure per mu, sow in drills with a row spacing of 40 cm, cover with 1-1.5 cm of soil, and use about 4 kg of seed per mu.
3. Seedling tending and management. Thin early and final-thin late. Generally thin in 2-3 rounds, and final-thin when the seedlings are 15 cm high, with a plant spacing of 10-12 cm and about 10,000 plants per mu. The root system requires good aeration, so do not water too much, and follow the principle of not watering unless dry. A small amount of phosphate fertilizer can be applied during the fast-growing period.
4. Pest and disease control. The main pests and diseases of black locust are root maggots and damping-off disease. When root maggots occur, use 700-1000 times diluted trichlorfon to open shallow furrows near the seedling ridges and pour it in, which can inhibit their activity. To prevent damping-off disease, control irrigation and strengthen loosening of the soil.
Under normal growth conditions, when the ground diameter of one-year-old seedlings reaches an average of 1.2 cm, they can be lifted from the nursery for afforestation.
After reading the above, do you now have more mature techniques for propagating black locust? It can also be made into black locust honey! It is a plant with great economic benefits. Huinong Academy has more related agricultural technical knowledge, so keep following Huinong Academy to answer your questions during planting.
Black locust propagation techniques
I. Fine root segment seedling raising
1. Preparation of the germination bed. Choose a high, dry, wind-sheltered, sunny spot, make a level bed, water it to build up soil moisture, and rake it fine and level. You can also choose to germinate in a sand bed in a greenhouse.
2. Sowing root segments. Cut fine roots with a thickness of more than 0.3 cm into root segments 3-5 cm long, and dip the roots in Jinbaobei Genmiaozhuang. Open furrows on the soil surface, sow the root segments into the furrows, with a covering of soil just thick enough not to expose the root segments, sowing 300 root segments per square meter. Then spray enough water; when spraying, avoid washing the root segments out of the soil, and cover with plastic film to raise soil temperature and preserve moisture.
3. Transplanting the sprouted seedlings. When the sprouted seedlings on the level bed grow to 5-10 cm high, begin airing the bed to harden the seedlings, and three days later begin transplanting the sprouted seedlings to the nursery ground. The land preparation method for the nursery ground is the same as that for coarse root segment seedling raising.
II. Coarse root segment seedling raising
1. Planting and germination. Cut coarse roots with a thickness of more than 0.5 cm into root segments 10 cm long. When cutting the roots, distinguish the large and small ends (upper and lower ends) of the root segments and cut marks on them. Dig a germination pool 1.2 m wide and 15 cm deep, with the length depending on the number of seed roots. Place the seed root segments in the pool with the large end up and at a 45° slant, dip the roots in Jinbaobei Genmiaozhuang, and spread a layer of sandy soil over each layer of seed roots. After arranging the seed roots, pour 40 jin of water per meter of length, then cover the surface with 2—3 cm of sandy soil. Build an arched shed over the germination pool to raise temperature and preserve moisture. After about 10 days, when the young sprouts grow to the size of mung beans, begin cuttings. Note that during germination, the soil temperature in the shed should be kept below 30°C and the air temperature below 35°C.
2. Preparation of the seedling ground. Choose flat land, and after deep plowing, applying organic fertilizer, and raking fine and level, make ridges with 60 cm spacing, with the ridge top 10 cm high and 20 cm wide. Water thoroughly to make the soil moist, in preparation for transplanting.
3. Cuttings. Take out the root segments that have sprouted, and insert them on the ridge tops of the nursery ground. Use a shovel to dig a 10 cm deep slit in the ground, put the seed root segments in, make the upper end of the root segments level with the ridge top, and close and firm the slit. Combined with watering, apply Jinbaobei Genmiaozhuang, which can increase the survival rate of the seedlings, shorten the recovery period, speed up rooting, and overcome obstacles such as soil temperature (low or high temperature).
III. Seedling density
For seedling raising, the plant and row spacing can be 30×60 cm to 30×80 cm, with 3000-3500 plants per mu being suitable, and no more than 4000 plants at the densest. It varies according to seedling raising techniques, nursery soil fertility, and the degree of careful management.
IV. Seed seedling raising
1. Seed treatment. Black locust seeds contain varying numbers of hard seeds, and it is best to treat them by gradually raising the temperature and soaking them multiple times. That is, first soak the seeds in 60°C water, let them cool naturally, leave them for 24 hours, and then take out the swollen seeds; for seeds that have not swollen, soak them again in 80°C water, cool again, cover the removed swollen seeds with wet burlap or straw mats, and sweat the seeds to promote germination. After 1.5-2 days, the seeds can be sown once they begin to sprout.
2. Sowing. The sowing period is from late March to early April. Apply 3000-5000 kg of organic fertilizer such as barnyard manure per mu, sow in drills with a row spacing of 40 cm, cover with 1-1.5 cm of soil, and use about 4 kg of seed per mu.
3. Seedling tending and management. Thin early and final-thin late. Generally thin in 2-3 rounds, and final-thin when the seedlings are 15 cm high, with a plant spacing of 10-12 cm and about 10,000 plants per mu. The root system requires good aeration, so do not water too much, and follow the principle of not watering unless dry. A small amount of phosphate fertilizer can be applied during the fast-growing period.
4. Pest and disease control. The main pests and diseases of black locust are root maggots and damping-off disease. When root maggots occur, use 700-1000 times diluted trichlorfon to open shallow furrows near the seedling ridges and pour it in, which can inhibit their activity. To prevent damping-off disease, control irrigation and strengthen loosening of the soil.
Under normal growth conditions, when the ground diameter of one-year-old seedlings reaches an average of 1.2 cm, they can be lifted from the nursery for afforestation.
Key points for propagating black locust
Black locust, commonly known as false acacia, is a deciduous tree distributed very widely in China, and is especially common in the Huang-Huai River basin. Its economic value is very high; it is not only ornamental but also edible, and the nutritional value of its nectar is also very high. So how should black locust be propagated?
Black locust
Artificial black locust cultivation techniques can be divided into the seedling raising stage and the breeding stage. First, in the seedling raising stage, the seeds need to be treated. From July to September each year, black locust seeds are relatively mature, and the seed pods gradually change from green to reddish brown. To ensure the integrity of the seeds, picking at this time is most suitable. After being spread out over a large area to dry, the seed coats begin to crack. Remove the brittle seed coats by manual and mechanical means, and after washing the seeds to remove other impurities, the black locust cultivation seeds are obtained. To achieve rapid and uniform emergence, the cultivation seeds need in-depth treatment, such as: ① repeated soaking in hot water; at this time the cultivation seeds are relatively hard, so repeatedly soak them in 80°C hot water, and after they swell, place them in a moist environment to promote germination; ② soak the seeds in sulfuric acid for 30 minutes, wash them clean, then soak them in water for 12 hours, and they can be sown; ③ in a moist environment at about 10°C, mix fine sand with the seeds and bury them for about 2 months, etc. Second, the germinated seeds need to be sown. The sowing time is generally in spring. When raising seedlings through seedbeds, the sowing rate is usually 22.5-37.5 kg/hm2 for bed sowing and 45-60 kg/hm2 for ridge sowing. Before sowing, irrigate enough bottom water, and cover with soil about 0.6-0.8 cm thick. Third, management during the seedling raising period is especially important. Since the seeds emerge in a relatively short time, the seedlings need to be kept moist during the seedling stage to prevent phenomena such as surface crusting, but irrigation should also be reasonable; do not let the seedlings sit in water. After about 4 weeks, one pest control, soil loosening, and weeding operation can be carried out. During this period, the weaker leaves among the seedlings can be removed to ensure photosynthesis during growth. Afterward, when the saplings are close to about 1 m, final thinning can be carried out, and then fertilizer can be applied before July. Finally, during the growth period of black locust, gradually reduce fertilization, irrigation, weeding, and other operations to ensure its natural growth state.
For black locust breeding, stop irrigation after August to enhance lignification and improve the ability to resist winter drying. Use black locust seedlings from the current year, but keep the sapling root system within the 15-20 CM range, and plant the seedlings in spring. To increase the survival rate, the sapling root system needs chemical treatment. According to past data, saplings soaked in naphthalene acetic acid for more than 12 hours can reach a survival rate of more than 80%, but note that each sapling needs a certain spacing, and a distance of 45CM is more moderate. With proper treatment, a black locust forest can be cultivated. In addition, there are also methods such as asexual propagation, grafting seedling raising, and root cutting seedling raising.
Because surviving black locust has strong adaptability, there are no strict requirements for the soil and afforestation method. Once the young forest is established, as long as soil loosening and fertilization, weeding, and pest removal are carried out regularly, the black locust forest can grow luxuriantly. However, note that the growth peak of black locust is in July, so the general fertilization stage is most appropriate in June. In addition, small seedlings are prone to drying out trunk, so from August onward water must be strictly controlled to enhance lignification and reduce damage caused by drying out.