How to Propagate Potted Jasmine? Propagation Techniques and Pest and Disease Control Methods
Jasmine has many varieties and is a relatively attractive flower species that many flower enthusiasts love. So how do you grow jasmine in pots? What are its propagation methods? See the detailed introduction below from the editor.
1. Propagation Methods
1.1. Cuttage Propagation From April to October, select mature 1-year-old branches, cut them into cuttings with more than two nodes, remove the lower leaves, insert them into the substrate, cover with plastic film, maintain relatively high air humidity, and roots will form in about 40 to 60 days.
1.1.1. Layering Propagation Select relatively long branches, gently notch the lower part below a node, bury them in a small pot filled with sandy soil, keep them moist regularly, and roots will begin to form in 20 to 30 days. After 2 months, they can be cut away from the mother plant as seedlings and planted separately.
1.1.2. Division Propagation Select jasmine that is well developed, growing vigorously, and has many branches. In combination with pruning and repotting, split the root ball so that each plant has 5 branches, plant them in loose and fertile soil, and after half a month of recovery, enter normal management.
1.2 Seedling Cultivation
For mass production of potted jasmine, double-petal jasmine is used for cuttage seedling cultivation. It is advisable to select varieties with tough branches, cold resistance, moisture tolerance, a large number of flowers, and relatively strong fragrance.
1.2.1 Cuttage Time The best time for jasmine cuttage in the Yiyang area is from April to June, and roots form about 15 to 20 days after cuttage; the next best time is from October to early November, with roots forming 20 to 30 days after cuttage.
1.2.2 Seedling Details Jasmine branches themselves are slender and soft, so be sure to select healthy 1-year-old mature or semi-mature branches free of pests and diseases, with obvious buds, and use the lignified or semi-lignified middle and lower sections as cuttings. Each cutting should be 10 to 15 cm, with smooth cuts. Soak the branches in a 0.5% to 1% potassium permanganate solution for disinfection. For rooting agents, IAA, IBA, NAA, 6-BA, etc. can be used, among which 20 mg/L 6-BA has the best effect, soaking for more than 3 h. To make transplanting and seedling recovery faster, using 72-cell plug trays for seedling cultivation works well. The substrate is local clean red soil (Quaternary red soil) sieved and mixed half-and-half with river sand. The substrate is slightly acidic, loose, and breathable. When using plug trays for cuttage seedling cultivation, water is easily lost, so cover with a small arched shed, uncover the film at noon on sunny days to release heat, and pay attention to replenishing water in time.
2. Cultivation and Management Techniques
Jasmine has certain requirements for soil pH and looseness, has a relatively high fertilizer demand, is not tolerant of severe cold, likes moisture, likes sunlight, and tolerates pruning. Every step in cultivation requires careful management to ensure a large number of flowers, a long flowering period, and a beautiful plant shape.
2.1 Nutrient Soil Preparation
The nutrient soil for potted jasmine should be rich in organic matter, have good water retention, water permeability, and aeration, and be slightly acidic. We use 4 parts red loam soil from vegetable gardens, 2 parts leaf mold, 2 parts river sand, and 2 parts compound fertilizer plus chicken manure fertilizer mixed to prepare the culture soil, or use rice husks (sawdust) instead of leaf mold, and pile and compost them fully for fermentation before use.
2.2 Potting and Planting
After 50 days of cuttage, plug seedlings are planted into pots of 18 cm x 13 cm. Place multiple layers of waste newspaper at the bottom of the pot, add 3 to 5 cm of nutrient soil, plant 3 seedlings per pot, continue filling with nutrient soil until it is 2 to 3 cm below the rim of the flower pot, then water thoroughly, with no need for shading.
2.3 Fertilizer, Water, and Light Management
Jasmine likes fertilizer. When blooming heavily, its fertilizer demand is high, but fertilizer should be applied lightly and frequently, in combination with foliar topdressing, and acidic fertilizer should be applied appropriately. At the same time, when fertilizing jasmine, be sure to avoid excessive nitrogen fertilizer and insufficient phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.
Jasmine likes moisture. When growth is low, water once every 2 to 3 days; during peak growing seasons, water demand increases, so water once a day, but prevent overwatering, which can cause root rot.
In combination with watering, apply a 0.2% ferrous sulfate solution once a month to maintain soil acidity. Because the nutrient soil itself has good fertilizer efficiency, no fertilization is needed in the early stage. Topdressing begins only at the turn of spring and summer, mainly by watering with dilute (20%) liquid cake fertilizer or manure fertilizer once a week. Add 0.1% to 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 0.5% superphosphate to the liquid fertilizer. A 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can also be used for foliar topdressing to promote flower bud differentiation, until the first flowering period blooms from June to July; in early August, apply 1 application of concentrated fertilizer to promote the formation of the second flowering period, and spray foliar fertilizer; in late August, reduce topdressing; from early September to early October, the third flowering period forms, stop fertilizing, and in mid-to-late October, the third flowering period finishes blooming.
Jasmine likes light. In an environment with sufficient sunlight and high temperatures, the leaves are green and the branches are strong, with many flowers and a strong fragrance; conversely, the branches and leaves are weak, the branches are slender and vine-like, and there are few flowers with a faint fragrance. If cultivated indoors, turn the pot in time to ensure uniform light, and do not place it in weak light for more than 3 days. For mass potting, laying reflective film on the ground works well.
2.4 Shaping and Pruning
Jasmine tolerates pruning. For newly planted potted flowers, the focus is on shaping, pinching in time, and promoting branching so the plant shape becomes full. Plants 3 to 6 years old bloom most vigorously, then age afterward, so renewal should be the main focus. Before new buds sprout in spring, heavily prune the main branches and scaffold branches to promote vigorous new branches, and pinch in time. The plant shape quickly becomes full, the number of flowers is also large, and the ornamental value is high.
2.5 Overwintering Management
In the Yiyang area, jasmine is a greenhouse flower and must overwinter indoors or in a greenhouse. When the temperature drops below 10°C, it begins to enter dormancy; when it drops to minus 2 to 3°C, the branches will suffer cold damage. In early November each year, repot potted jasmine and prune the root system and branches; the original 3 plants in 1 pot can be divided into single-plant pots. After repotting, water thoroughly and place in a greenhouse to let them recover. After recovery, strictly control watering, and ventilate and harden the seedlings at noon on sunny days. When a major cold wave occurs, add shade nets and other coverings in advance. Through the above measures, jasmine can overwinter safely in the Yiyang area.
3. Pest and Disease Control
The main disease of jasmine is southern blight, and the main pests are red spiders and scale insects. In the early stage of southern blight, disinfect the surrounding soil with 70% quintozene medicinal soil, or spray 1% Bordeaux mixture, or 0.3 degree Baume lime sulfur mixture, or 50% wettable thiram medicinal soil for control; when the disease is relatively severe, spray 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 800 to 1000 times solution, or 65% zineb wettable powder 800 times solution. For red spiders, 5% hexythiazox, or 5% fenbutatin oxide 3000 times solution can be sprayed for control. For scale insects, 40% omethoate, or 50% fenitrothion and other 1000 times solutions can be sprayed for control.
Main Pest and Disease Control Methods for Jasmine
Jasmine anthracnose:
Symptoms:It mainly harms leaves, and sometimes also harms tender shoots. Leaves initially show small chlorotic spots, which later expand into light brown, round or nearly round lesions. The diameter is 2—10 mm. The center of the lesion is grayish white, the edge is brown, and it is slightly raised. Later, sparse black small granular dots appear in rings on the lesions.
Occurrence Pattern:The pathogen overwinters on diseased leaves as mycelium and conidia. It spreads through wind and rain and invades through wounds. Generally, the disease is more severe during summer and autumn.
Control Methods:
1、Remove dead branches and fallen leaves, cut off diseased branches, and destroy them.
2、Increase the application of organic fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and ferrous sulfate to enhance disease resistance.
3、Chemical control After new shoots emerge, spray protective fungicides for protection, using “50% carbendazim 800 times solution, 70% thiophanate-methyl 1000 times solution, 75% chlorothalonil 800 times solution, or 80% anthracnose thiram 800 times solution, once every 10 to 15 days, spraying 4—5 times consecutively.
Jasmine southern blight:It is one of the most serious diseases of jasmine. When the disease is severe, it causes the plant to wither and die, greatly affecting yield.
Symptoms:The affected site is mainly the stem base near the ground. The base of the diseased stem is dark brown, and on it grows white silk-like mycelium, mostly radiating, especially obvious at the edges. Later, many tea-brown, rapeseed-like sclerotia form on the diseased part. When the weather is humid, the mycelium spreads to the ground surface and soil crevices around the roots, and sclerotia also form there. Later, the stem base of the affected plant completely rots, causing the stems and leaves to wilt and the plant to die.
Control Measures:
1. Pull out diseased plants and disinfect the soil.When affected plants are found early, they should be pulled out in time and burned or deeply buried. Pour 86.2% copper master 800 to 1200 times solution, 50% amobam 500 times solution into the diseased holes, or spread lime powder. The work of pulling out diseased plants should be carried out before sclerotia form.
2. Fertilize reasonably.Applying undecomposed organic fertilizer to the soil surface will aggravate the occurrence of southern blight, so organic fertilizer (such as barnyard manure, etc.) should be used as base fertilizer and deeply buried in the lower soil layer. If used as topdressing, it must be fully decomposed before application.
3. Chemical control.In the early stage of the disease, sprinkle 50% amobam 1000 times solution on the stem base of the plant and the surrounding soil, then sprinkle once more after 7 to 10 days to kill the pathogen in the soil. Apply 70% thiophanate-methyl 1000 times solution or 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution to the soil around the plant stem base to inhibit the spread of the disease.
4. Biological control.Using the antagonistic fungus Trichoderma harzianum (Trichodermaharzianum) to control jasmine southern blight has a good effect. First culture the Trichoderma strain well, then mix it onto sterilized bran to prepare a Trichoderma preparation. When using the Trichoderma preparation, mix it evenly with fine soil and apply it to the soil. The soil should maintain a certain humidity to promote the massive growth and reproduction of Trichoderma in the soil, thereby inhibiting the growth of the southern blight pathogen and achieving the purpose of disease prevention.
Jasmine leaf borer:It is one of the main pests of jasmine. Its larvae feed on jasmine leaves, flower buds, small branches, and new shoots. After the bark of small branches is eaten, they die; after seedlings are damaged, they die, seriously affecting the growth and flowering of jasmine.
Control Methods:
1、In winter or early spring, remove dead branches from plants and fallen leaves on the ground, and burn them in a centralized manner;
2、Thin the leaves appropriately to facilitate ventilation; manually capture and kill eggs, larvae, and pupae on the leaves in time.
3 、During the jasmine growing period, spray 50 percent trichlorfon wettable powder 6000 times solution, which has a very good control effect.
Jasmine stem rot:This disease occurs at the stem base. In the early stage, the lesion is a brown spot with a water-soaked appearance. The lesion expands longitudinally into a streak-like shape. The edge is dark brown, the interior is grayish brown, and later the diseased tissue rots and splits longitudinally, with black granular substances appearing. This disease occurs year-round during greenhouse maintenance, especially severely in early spring. It also occurs from August to September during outdoor maintenance. High temperature and humid conditions favor the occurrence of the disease.
Control Methods:
1、When potting flowers, spray 0.2-0.4 degree lime sulfur mixture;
2、Apply 70 percent thiophanate 600-1000 times solution to the lesions or paint the branches and trunk, or use thiram 500 times solution, which also works well.
Jasmine yellowing disease:
Symptoms:There are two types of manifestations. One is that the interveinal areas of young leaves are yellow while the veins remain green, and in severe cases the entire leaf becomes yellow-white, with brown necrotic spots at the leaf tip and leaf margin; the other is that the leaf is yellow as soon as it unfolds, often causing early leaf drop. This disease is a non-infectious disease. The first type of symptom is caused by iron deficiency, and the second type of symptom is caused by deficiencies in nitrogen and other nutrients.
The control of jasmine yellowing disease can be achieved through cultivation techniques, mainly including the following points:
1. Soil selection:The soil for cultivating jasmine should be loose and fertile. Avoid heavy clay soil, and apply 1 application of dilute organic fertilizer before planting.
2. Soil pH:Slightly acidic soil should be selected for planting jasmine, usually with a pH of 6.0~6.5 being suitable. For alkaline soil, sulfur powder or 0.1% ferrous sulfate solution can be applied to acidify the soil.
3. Scientific fertilization:Fertilizer and water management is also key to controlling jasmine yellowing disease. Topdressing with dilute organic fertilizer is a relatively good method, as it can both meet the fertilizer demand of jasmine during the growing period and improve the soil. Ferrous sulfate is also an excellent fertilizer in jasmine cultivation. Spraying 0.1% ferrous sulfate solution on the leaves at different growth stages of jasmine can not only meet jasmine's demand for iron, but also help acidify the soil.
4. Correct watering:Jasmine dislikes waterlogging and high humidity. Water more during dry seasons. Potted jasmine should be watered by the principle of seeing wet and seeing dry, and do not irrigate with water that is too cold, so as not to lower the soil temperature and affect root growth.
5. Reasonable pruning:When repotting, cut off some old roots and diseased roots to promote new root growth, and cut off dead branches and weak branches from the aboveground part. Through the above methods, strengthen cultivation technique management, promote good overall growth vigor of jasmine, coordinate the aboveground part with the underground part, ensure the amount of fertilizer absorbed throughout the growing period, and thereby achieve the purpose of controlling jasmine yellowing disease.
African Jasmine Pest and Disease Control Methods
African jasmine is an evergreen climbing vine, with stems reaching up to 4 meters. African jasmine easily adapts to unfamiliar environments and can be planted in courtyards and on balconies. The branches of African jasmine are jade-green in color, the leaves are glossy and shiny, and the flowers are slightly fragrant, with elegant flower shapes. Each flower has five petals and is umbel-shaped, clustered at the tips of flowering branches. African jasmine generally does not often suffer from pests and diseases, but they do occur occasionally. So what are the common pests and diseases of African jasmine? What are the control methods for African jasmine pests and diseases?
African Jasmine Pest and Disease Control Methods
I. African Jasmine Disease Control Methods
1. Anthracnose: It mostly occurs on tender branches and leaves, with nearly circular to irregular sunken spots, brown edges, grayish white to grayish brown centers, and sparse black small granular dots on top, which are its acervuli. Control method: In the early stage of the disease, spray 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800 times solution plus 25% chlorothalonil wettable powder 800 times solution, or 25% anthracnose special wettable powder 500 times solution, spraying alternately once every 10 days for 3 to 4 times consecutively.
2. Sunscald: In the severe heat of midsummer, when shading with a shed is not in place, the tender shoots and young leaves of potted African jasmine are prone to sunscald, shown as many grayish white or light white burn spots on the leaves. Control method: Use shade nets for shading and adjust the position appropriately; in high-temperature and dry seasons, appropriately increase the frequency and amount of watering, and if necessary sprinkle water on the leaves; for plants that have already suffered sunscald, promptly move them under a shade shed, cut off the scorched tender shoots and young leaves, and strengthen water and fertilizer management so the plants recover health as soon as possible.
II. African Jasmine Pest Control Methods
African jasmine occasionally also suffers from leaf-eating pests, such as Atractomorpha sinensis, causing more holes or notches on the plant leaves. Spray 90% trichlorfon crystal 800 times solution in time to kill them.
The above is the article on African jasmine pest and disease control methods. African jasmine likes warmth and sunlight, but requires avoiding direct strong summer sunlight; it likes environments with high air humidity and good ventilation. The pests and diseases of African jasmine are generally relatively easy to control, so there is no need to worry too much. As long as African jasmine is cultivated according to scientific methods, it can grow healthily.