How to grow Cymbidium sinense? Detailed explanation of household pot cultivation techniques
Cymbidium sinense is also known as Baosui Orchid. Dark green, sepals lanceolate, light brown, with 5 purple-brown veins, petals short and broad, lip three-lobed indistinctly, apex pendulous and reflexed. Flowering period January to March, with very many cultivars. From ancient times to the present, orchids have always been loved by scholars and literati. Below, let's see how to grow Cymbidium sinense as a household pot plant.
Cultivation methods for potted Cymbidium sinense:
Soil selection
For planting Cymbidium sinense, choose a loose, humus-rich, slightly acidic soil. When cultivating Cymbidium sinense in the north, generally 5 parts leaf mold soil mixed with 1 part sandy mud is used. Some also use a mix of 4 parts humus soil, 2 parts peat soil, 2 parts furnace slag and 2 parts river sand, etc.
Division of seedlings and disinfection
When dividing the pots, first grasp the base of the orchid seedling with the five fingers of the left hand, turn the pot upside down, and gently tap around the pot to separate the pot from the potting soil, then carefully pat the soil ball lightly to shake off the soil. Carefully clean the orchid roots, cut off rotten roots, broken roots, dead leaves and dried pseudobulbs, then rinse clean with clear water, and place the orchid roots into a 1000-fold solution of Topsin or an 800-fold solution of potassium permanganate for disinfection. Kill the pathogens near the wounds.
Potting
After the pot is chosen, before planting, first cover the drainage hole at the bottom of the pot with a large piece of broken tile, and lay window screen over it, then spread coarse mountain soil particles, and then place in the orchid plant (the distribution of the orchid plant's root system should be even and spread out, do not touch the pot wall), then fill the pot with humus soil and bury up to the leaf base of the pseudobulb. And on the surface of the mud, cover another layer of white stones or Selaginella uncinata, which is both attractive and can keep the surface soil moist. Then use the bottom-of-pot seepage method to make the soil thoroughly wet, then take it out, use a spray bottle to rinse clean the mud on the leaf surface, place it in a shaded place to recover, and after one week transfer to normal management.
Management
Cymbidium sinense is a semi-shade plant, requiring environmental conditions of "warmth, moisture, diffused light, and ventilation". Whether it grows well depends entirely on care and management. The cultivation site requires good ventilation and shade facilities. Cymbidium sinense's water requirement mainly depends on the temperature, light intensity and plant growth. For watering Cymbidium sinense, rainwater or snow water is best; if tap water must be used to water the orchid, it must be exposed to the sun for a day before use. Use a spray bottle for watering, and do not spray water into the flower buds, so as to avoid causing rot. In summer, absolutely avoid pouring rain; a film must be used to block rain. For watering time, in summer and autumn, around sunset, and it is best for the leaf surface to be dry before nightfall. In winter and spring, watering around sunrise is best, and misting is also needed to increase air humidity to benefit the growth of Cymbidium sinense.
Fertilization
Fertilizing Cymbidium sinense "should be light, avoid strong"; generally start in late spring and stop in late autumn. When fertilizing, a temperature of 18°C-25°C is suitable, and fertilizing is not suitable on cloudy and rainy days. As for fertilizer types, either organic or inorganic fertilizer is acceptable. During the growing season, fertilize once a week; in autumn and winter, Cymbidium sinense grows slowly, so fertilize less, once every 20 days; after fertilizing, spray a small amount of clear water to prevent the fertilizer liquid from dirtying the leaves. Fertilization must be carried out on clear evenings; fertilizing on cloudy days risks root rot.
Precautions for cultivating Cymbidium sinense:
Likes shade and coolness, fears exposure to the sun
In nature, most Cymbidium sinense grows in relatively shady environments; leaves 3 to 5 in clusters, dark green, glossy, with variable yellow and white markings, jointed at the base, 60 to 90 cm long, 2 to 4.2 cm wide. Because Cymbidium sinense has broad leaves, long leaves, soft drooping leaves, and a thin leaf cuticle, daily care must avoid direct sun exposure; in late spring, summer, autumn, and early winter, shade is necessary, especially at noon and in the afternoon, or place it on the lower layer of the orchid rack for care, so as to avoid scorching the leaves.
Likes moisture, fears dryness
Wild Cymbidium sinense mostly grows at the foot of mountains by streams in tree shade, where water mist is often pervasive, and the air humidity of its environment is relatively high. When growing Cymbidium sinense as a household pot plant, especially in northern regions, air humidity is often on the low side, which is not conducive to its growth. Various approaches such as humidifiers, water trays, and water curtains can be used to increase air humidity, striving to create a small environment suitable for the growth of Cymbidium sinense. In addition, the pot surface should be appropriately sprayed with a little water every day, which can also increase the air humidity for potted Cymbidium sinense.
Likes warmth, fears cold damage
The places of origin of Cymbidium sinense are mostly in the tropics and subtropics, with a warm climate, and winter temperatures are rarely around 0°C, so Cymbidium sinense most fears freezing. Practice has shown that for Cymbidium sinense in winter, it is best that the temperature not be lower than 5°C; except in Hainan, Taiwan, China, Guangdong, Fujian, Guangxi and other places, elsewhere it is best to place it in a greenhouse or a heated room for overwintering, so as to avoid cold damage.
Light fertilizer applied frequently, plant in large pots
Cymbidium sinense plants are tall, with broad and thick leaves, well-developed root systems, and multiple flowers per scape, so they have a large demand for fertilizer. In daily care, apply light fertilizer frequently; this is an important condition for promoting vigorous roots and lush leaves in Cymbidium sinense. No matter which growing medium is used to grow Cymbidium sinense, appropriate fertilization is necessary, and the amount of fertilizer can be somewhat more than for other Chinese orchids. Because its root system is well developed, when choosing pots, it is better to use larger rather than smaller ones; according to the number of plants and the root condition, it is best to choose a pot one size larger for planting.
The above are the household pot cultivation techniques for Cymbidium sinense. Friends who like Cymbidium sinense should quickly try it.
[Potted Cymbidium sinense] Key points for growing potted Cymbidium sinense
The leaves of Cymbidium sinense are like precious swords, gleaming with light, like the cold frost of a Longquan sword. Cymbidium sinense is also known as Chinese Orchid, and is a valuable flower among flowers in the flower market. It grows under forests, in shrub forests, or beside stream valleys in moist but well-drained shaded places, at an altitude of 300-2000 m. Potted Cymbidium sinense is a good choice for flower lovers, so how should potted Cymbidium sinense be cared for? What are the key points for growing potted Cymbidium sinense?
Key points for growing potted Cymbidium sinense
1. Light and temperature
Cymbidium sinense, like other orchid species, by nature likes a semi-shade environment; generally 3 hours to 4 hours of light every morning is enough to satisfy it. Spring and summer are the periods when orchid plants sprout new shoots and undergo vegetative growth, so the light duration should not be too long; as the new shoots grow, the light they need also increases, and from November to March of the following year they can receive full light.
Cymbidium sinense likes warmth and is not cold-tolerant; after the beginning of winter it should be brought indoors for care, and throughout winter the room temperature should be maintained at around 5°C, with a low-temperature limit of 2 degrees; below 0 degrees it suffers cold damage. If wind and snow, cold waves, or freezing occur occasionally, measures to protect against cold and keep warm must be taken. In spring, temperatures are suddenly cold and suddenly warm, and sometimes disastrous weather such as late spring cold and severe frost may occur; the time to move the orchid plants outdoors should preferably be after Qingming.
2. Watering and fertilizing
Although Cymbidium sinense likes moisture, it should be determined according to specific conditions and environment. Generally speaking, with strong light, high temperature, a large pot, hard growing medium, the growing period, and robust seedlings, water more in summer and autumn; otherwise water less or do not water. As for the watering method, it is best to use a ladle or a fine-spout pot to pour from the edge of the pot, and avoid spraying with a hose. When watering or misting, be sure not to splash water into the buds, to prevent bud rot.
In the rainy season, attention must be paid to rain protection, and after rain, accumulated water in the pot should be drained promptly to prevent root rot. For watering time, in summer and autumn it is suitable in the evening, and in winter and spring it must be at noon; the water temperature should be close to the soil temperature. Fertilizing Cymbidium sinense must be with light fertilizer applied frequently, and avoid applying raw fertilizer and strong fertilizer. The best time for fertilizing is 15°C-25°C; below 10°C and above 30°C it is not suitable to fertilize. As for fertilizer type, during the vegetative growth period mainly nitrogen fertilizer, and during the reproductive growth period it is suitable to apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Besides fertilizing the growing medium in the pot, it is also necessary to use potassium dihydrogen phosphate for foliar feeding.
3. Humidifying and ventilation
Cymbidium sinense originally grows in rainy and humid regions and requires a growing environment with high air humidity. In summer and autumn, place water trays and water troughs under the orchid pots, lay sponges and absorbent carpets; lay bricks and sand on the ground; install automatic spray humidifiers in the orchid room and orchid shed, and hang wet curtains on doors and windows. In winter and spring, mist the orchid plants and sprinkle water on the ground.
However, if the air humidity is too high, it will again cause bud rot, damage orchid leaves, and make disease likely. Therefore, when humidity becomes too high indoors during rainy periods, attention must be paid to ventilation. In the orchid room and orchid shed, doors and windows can be opened, and if necessary a fan can be turned on to make the air convect and dry the moisture on the orchid plants.
4. Disease prevention and pest control
Because Cymbidium sinense needs little light and has high humidity, it is susceptible to diseases and pests. The most common diseases are black spot disease and mold disease. Black spot disease is caused by bacterial infection; it comes on relatively slowly, developing gradually from few to many. The key to preventing black spot disease lies in careful management, so that the orchid plants grow robustly and strengthen their ability to resist disease.
It is best in early spring to use 0.6% equal-amount Bordeaux mixture to spray the orchid plants and the surrounding environment of the orchid site. During the growing period, pesticides such as carbendazim, Topsin, zineb, and Kocide can also be sprayed for disinfection and sterilization. The main pests are scale insects and red spider mites, which can be killed with drugs such as omethoate, malathion, and fenitrothion.
The above is the article on the key points for growing potted Cymbidium sinense. Cymbidium sinense is suitable for growing in loose, breathable, water-permeable and fertilizer-retentive, humus-rich, slightly acidic soil. The cultivation site requires good ventilation and shade facilities. Household potted Cymbidium sinense is mostly overwintered indoors; in winter and spring no heating measures are needed, and it can safely pass through the severe cold period. If overwintering in a leeward spot in a courtyard or on a balcony, a temporary plastic film greenhouse can be built.
Household cultivation methods for Cymbidium sinense, propagation methods for Cymbidium sinense
Cymbidium sinense is a strongly fragrant flower, and an excellent ornamental potted plant in the home; many people grow it. Therefore, it is still necessary to understand relevant knowledge about Cymbidium sinense from many aspects. So, how is Cymbidium sinense grown? How is it propagated? Below, let's introduce relevant knowledge about growing and propagating Cymbidium sinense.
Household cultivation methods for Cymbidium sinense
1. The common substrate for potted Cymbidium sinense is decomposed bark chunks, peat soil and leaf mold soil. Be careful to keep watering clean, and avoid spraying directly with tap water. In midsummer, water once a day; in winter, once every 4-5 days. Room temperature should not be too high, otherwise it is prone to disease in spring. During the growing period, fertilize once a month; in autumn prevent drought; in winter the potting soil should not be too wet. In August-September, take out Cymbidium sinense plants with larger clumps from the pot and divide them into clumps of 3-4 pseudobulbs for potting.
2. After buying bare-root Cymbidium sinense seedlings, first soak them in clear water until the shriveled fleshy roots are plump and wrinkle-free, then wash the roots clean and cut off decayed roots, dry them until the roots turn white and are slightly soft, then plant them with Cymbidium sinense mud or waste edible fungus culture substrate or coal stove ash plus leaf mold soil. For potting soil, you can also dig from under trees on mountains or in rock crevices weathered soil that has weathered for many years, then mix in river sand to facilitate air and water permeability, ensuring it does not compact. The culture soil all needs disinfection; it can be exposed to the sun for three or four days, or sterilized by heating in a pot. When potting, avoid deep planting; it is suitable for 2/3 of the pseudobulb to be exposed above the soil surface. After planting Cymbidium sinense, do not water immediately; place it in a cool place for two days and then water thoroughly, with about 10 plants per pot.
3. "Qi" is the lifeblood of orchids; whether above ground or below ground, all parts must be ventilated. Place a 3 cm thick layer of charcoal or sand and stones at the bottom of the pot. Keep the potting soil loose, do not water too much, and it is suitable to spray more water on the leaf surface and ground to increase air humidity. From May to October, pay attention to shading; do not expose to direct sunlight, but it can receive more morning light. Especially during the flower bud differentiation period, that is, six or seven months before Cymbidium sinense blooms, place it on a windowsill or balcony to receive sunlight, so as to promote flower bud differentiation. After Cymbidium sinense grows new leaves, apply a dilute liquid fertilizer mainly of phosphorus and potassium once a month, and apply one additional time after the flowers fade. Remember: if Cymbidium sinense leaves appear yellow and thin, it is a lack of fertilizer. If the leaves appear black-green and the leaf tips scorch, it is too much fertilizer.
Propagation methods for Cymbidium sinense
(1) Division propagation.
This method is simple and reliable to operate, and after division it also blooms quickly, and can preserve the original characteristics of the cultivar. It is a propagation method that divides the pseudobulbs of clustered orchids, separating them into single ones or groups of 2 to 3, and planting them independently, in order to achieve the purpose of multiplication. Division propagation of orchids is best carried out during the dormant period, that is, before new shoots emerge and before new roots grow, or during the dormant period after flowering. The separated orchid plants should be inspected, and rotten roots and dead leaves cut off. As for the disinfection method, a solution of 70% thiophanate-methyl at 800 to 1000 times can be used to soak the orchid plant roots for 10 to 15 min; after soaking, dry them slightly, and then they can be replanted.
Although division propagation is simple and easy, and can maintain the inherent characteristics of the cultivar, allowing many valuable cultivars to be preserved, division after all has a small propagation coefficient and can hardly meet the needs of large-scale production and the market. Therefore, we must explore more scientific and more advanced propagation methods. Tissue culture propagation of orchids is a more advanced propagation method that can meet the needs of production and the market.
(2) Tissue culture.
Tissue culture is an advanced science and technology developed on the basis of cell theory and the theory of plant cell totipotency. At present, it is being continuously promoted in forest tree propagation. According to relevant statistical data analysis, tissue culture propagation of herbaceous plants is easier than that of woody plants, and the success rate is also greater. Orchid tissue culture propagation is an advanced method of propagating orchids using advanced equipment and modern science and technology.
Orchids raised through tissue culture have strong resistance, fewer diseases and pests, and a high survival rate, and can be produced in batches. Over the past 20 years, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Kunming, the South China Botanical Garden, the Shanghai Landscape Institute, the Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences and some other domestic research institutions have all carried out this work, achieving progress to varying degrees and obtaining meristematic asexual seedlings of Cymbidium goeringii, Cymbidium ensifolium, Cymbidium sinense, etc. For tropical orchids in Taiwan, China, automated control, factory production, tissue culture rapid propagation and new cultivar breeding are all on scale.
The above is the relevant knowledge introduced to everyone about growing and propagating Cymbidium sinense. Is everyone clear now? For more home knowledge, please pay attention.