A detailed guide to the propagation methods and cultivation management key points for 'Hongyun' Yulan magnolia
How is 'Hongyun' Yulan magnolia cultivated? What is the difference between 'Hongyun' Yulan magnolia and red Yulan magnolia? The main difference is that in the south, 'Hongyun' Yulan magnolia blooms three times a year in spring, summer and autumn, with the petals red on the outside and white on the inside. Let us learn about the variety characteristics and propagation methods of 'Hongyun' Yulan magnolia.
1. Morphological characteristics
'Hongyun' Yulan magnolia is a deciduous shrub with a fragrant scent; the petals go from purple-red, deep red and light red to white from the outside inward. The petals are petal-like and elliptic-obovate. The aggregate fruit is deep purplish-brown, turning brown, and cylindrical. The mature follicle is nearly spherical, with a short beak at the tip.
2. Growth habits
It likes sunlight and grows best in a warm, humid environment; it is slightly tolerant of semi-shade and tolerant of cold. It can overwinter outdoors in most parts of China. It is suitable for growing in fertile, moist, well-drained acidic sandy soil, and can also grow in weakly alkaline soil. Because it has fleshy roots, it is neither tolerant of drought nor of waterlogging. It should be planted in a wind-sheltered, sunny area with no standing water.
3. Propagation
3.1 Cutting and layering propagation
In cutting propagation, the cutting time has a great influence on the survival rate; it is generally carried out from May to June, and cuttings taken from the current-year shoots of young trees have the highest survival rate. Soaking the base in 50 ppm naphthaleneacetic acid for 6 hours can increase the rooting rate. In layering propagation, select well-growing plants and take 1- to 2-year-old branches about 0.5 cm thick as layers; if there are branches, they can be layered on the branches. The layering time is February to March. The longer the layered shoot remains connected to the mother plant after rooting in the same year, the more developed the root system and the higher the survival rate. It can bloom 2 to 3 years after planting.
3.2 Grafting propagation
In South China, from December of the previous year to January of the following year, select vigorous, pest-free, plump-axillary-bud, dormant one-year-old branches from an adult mother tree of 'Hongyun' Yulan magnolia as scions, remove the leaves, and retain part of the petiole; the petiole length should be equal to or slightly shorter than the axillary bud. Use 2- to 3-year-old Magnolia champaca with strong growth, a developed root system and no pests or diseases as the rootstock.
Use the cut-grafting method:
(1) Cutting the scion. On the side of the scion with the axillary bud, use a grafting knife to cut a flat surface about 2 to 3 cm long, with the depth best being to cut away the phloem and expose the xylem, then cut a short 45 degree cut surface on the opposite side to ensure the lower end is flat and thin.
(2) Cutting the rootstock. According to the size of the scion, make two vertical cuts on the rootstock where the bark is thick, smooth, with straight grain, and free of scars or pests and diseases, with the depth preferably not damaging the rootstock xylem, and the length matching the cut length of the long side of the scion.
(3) Joining. Use the tip of the grafting knife to lift the rootstock bark, insert the long side of the scion toward the rootstock xylem into the rootstock incision, so that the scion and rootstock xylem fit closely together.
(4) Wrapping. Use grafting film to wrap the rootstock and scion tightly and firmly to prevent rainwater and pathogens from entering and to maintain humidity. The axillary bud should be wrapped with only one layer of grafting film, to prevent the axillary bud from being unable to break through the grafting film due to too many layers and thus being unable to grow and eventually dying.
(5) Management after grafting. Judge the moisture level by observing the water mist inside the grafting film. Fine, uniform water droplets all over the grafting film indicate that the rootstock moisture is suitable. If water flows are overflowing on the rootstock inside the grafting film, it indicates excessive moisture, and water control should be carried out. If there is very little water mist inside the grafting film, it indicates a lack of water, and watering should be done immediately. As the scion sprouts and grows, its water demand gradually increases. When the scion grows to 30 to 40 cm, remove the film at the joint, then manage according to the normal water demand of seedlings, that is, water once every 2 to 3 days. For scions that grow too tall and too vigorously, set up a wooden stick beside the rootstock and gently tie the scion to the stick with rope to prevent strong wind from causing the joint between the scion and rootstock to break. The survival rate of grafted seedlings propagated by this method generally can reach about 80%.
'Hongyun' Yulan magnolia has a ground diameter of 1.5 cm and a height of more than 1.5 m. In the winter of the following year, cut the main trunk at 0.8 to 1.0 m above the ground; in the winter of the 3rd year, select and retain one stout branch as the main trunk, properly prune the side branches, and prune the crown into an oval shape year by year until it is done; in this way, the seedlings can leave the nursery for planting and greening.
For tissue culture, in January select 'Hongyun' Yulan magnolia branches with buds, cut them into lengths of about 2 to 3 cm, gently scrape off the dense long silky hairs on the buds with a blade under running water, and rinse for 30 minutes, disinfect with 70% alcohol for 30 s + 0.1% HgCl2 for 14 minutes, then rinse with sterile water 5 to 8 times, cut the explants short and inoculate them on MS basic medium, with a light period of 16 hours per day, light intensity 2000 lx, temperature 25 degC +/- 1 degC, in the tissue culture room for 4 to 5 weeks. Then inoculate them on the optimal bud proliferation medium (MS + BA 0.5 mg/L + NAA 0.5 mg/L + KT 1 mg/L) to differentiate adventitious buds.
4. Cultivation management
4.1 Transplanting
Planting should be neither too early nor too late; the most suitable time is 10 days before bud break in early spring or after flowers fade and before leaf expansion. After seedling emergence, seedlings need appropriate shading in the midsummer season of 1 to 2 years, and in northern regions they should also be protected against cold after winter begins. The best transplanting time is before bud break, or just after flowers fade and before leaf expansion. When transplanting, regardless of seedling size, the roots must be kept with a mud ball, and care should be taken to avoid damaging the root system as much as possible to ensure survival. At the same time, try to avoid planting in low-lying areas prone to standing water.
4.2 Temperature
'Hongyun' Yulan magnolia is not very strict about temperature. However, in hot, high temperatures it needs moderate shading or cooling; from 12:00 to 16:00 each day, avoid exposure to the scorching sun, and also avoid high-temperature radiation from brick walls or cement floors. At this time, not only should water be sprayed on the plants to cool them, but the ground should also be watered or sprayed to lower the temperature and dissipate heat, so as to increase air humidity. For overwintering in the north, the main trunk needs to be wrapped with straw rope or burlap, and the root system should be watered thoroughly before winter begins.
4.3 Light
'Hongyun' Yulan magnolia needs sufficient sunlight, and during the growing period it should be maintained in a sunny area with long sunshine duration and strong light. Daily light must not be less than 6 hours. If planted in a shaded place, it will only grow leaves and not bloom, or bloom very little, with slender branches, pale leaf color, thin leaves and no luster, which is unfavorable for growth.
4.4 Water
'Hongyun' Yulan magnolia both needs water and fears waterlogging. At the seedling stage, from summer to early autumn, water once a day to keep the soil moist, but in the hot summer, water once each in the morning and evening, and spray water on the leaves to increase air humidity. When irrigating with tap water, prevent soil alkalization; if leaf yellowing is found, apply ferrous sulfate solution or water the roots with 0.7% to 0.8% vinegar water, or spray the leaves with 0.3% to 0.4% vinegar solution; the effects are all very good. In the rainy season, there must be no standing water, otherwise the roots will rot.
4.5 Fertilizer
Because 'Hongyun' Yulan magnolia has a long flowering period and blooms many times, nutrients must be replenished regularly. In addition to applying sufficient base fertilizer at planting, from March to October during the flowering period, apply an organic liquid fertilizer mainly based on phosphorus and potassium once every 10 days (such as decomposed cake fertilizer water). The fertilization principle is to apply thin fertilizer frequently, and the method of first dilute then concentrated can also be adopted; raw fertilizer must not be applied, otherwise the roots will be burned. At the same time, carry out foliar fertilization once every half month, spraying the leaves with 0.5% plant growth promoter and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
5. Pest and disease control
At the seedling stage, prevent damping-off, root rot and underground pests such as white grubs; the stems may be damaged by longhorn beetles, and in midsummer red spider mites must be prevented. In the management process, in addition to paying attention to the control of yellowing disease and root rot, anthracnose should also be controlled. If disease is found, promptly remove diseased plants and diseased leaves, and at the same time spray the leaves with a 500- to 1000-fold aqueous solution of 50% carbendazim, or use an 800- to 1000-fold solution of 70% thiophanate-methyl for control. If aphids or scale insects are found damaging tender buds and flower buds, use a 1000-fold solution of 10% imidacloprid or a 750- to 1000-fold solution of 5% thiamethoxam for control.
The above is all the content on the propagation of 'Hongyun' Yulan magnolia and the cultivation techniques for pest and disease control. Interested flower growers are welcome to come to Huinong.com to learn more!
Classification of Yulan magnolia varieties
Southern magnolia, scientific name: magnolia grandiflora linn. Because its flowers are very large and resemble lotus flowers, it is also called “lotus magnolia”. Southern magnolia is native to the Americas, so some people also call it “foreign magnolia”. Southern magnolia belongs to the Magnoliaceae family, Magnolia genus; it is an evergreen tree with leathery leaves, rust-colored tomentum on the underside, a glossy surface, and slightly recurved margins; the leaves are 10—20 cm long. Another variety is called narrow-leaved southern magnolia, with narrower and longer leaves, less hair on the underside, and slightly stronger cold tolerance. The flowers are large and white, fragrant, 20—30 cm in diameter, usually with 6 petals, as large as lotus flowers; the flowering period is May—July; the seed coat is red, and the fruit ripens in September—October. Southern magnolia can usually grow to 30 m, but common Yulan magnolia can only grow to 16—23 m. The crown is ovate-conical, and both branchlets and buds have rust-colored tomentum; the branches are majestic and magnificent. Southern magnolia has a beautiful tree shape and large, fragrant flowers; it is an excellent environmentally friendly courtyard tree, suitable for factory and mining area greening, and is closely related to human survival. Purple magnolia, scientific name: Magnolia liliflora Desr. English name: Lily Magnolia. Family name: Magnoliaceae. Deciduous shrub, up to 3 m tall, often clustered. Buds have grayish-brown fine hairs; branchlets are purplish-brown. Leaves are obovate or elliptic-ovate, 10—18 cm long and 4—10 cm wide, apex acute or acuminate, base cuneate, with soft hairs along the veins on the underside. Flowers open before the leaves or rarely at the same time as the leaves, large, bell-shaped; calyx segments 3, lanceolate, light purplish-brown, 2—3 cm long; petals 6, oblong-obovate, 8 to 10 cm long, purple or purplish-red outside, white inside; filaments and carpels purplish-red; style 1, apex pointed, slightly curved. Aggregate fruit oblong, 7—10 cm long, light brown. The grafted purple magnolia cultivated in Huangchuan, Henan blooms three to four times each year, with each flowering period lasting 20-35 days. The bark, leaves and flowers can be used to extract aromatic concrete; the flower buds are used as medicine to treat headache, sinusitis, etc., and also have the effect of lowering blood pressure. The flowers contain volatile oil and a small amount of alkaloids. Purple magnolia is a deciduous shrub of the Magnoliaceae family, Magnolia genus; when planted in the ground it is 3 to 5 m tall, when potted it is 1 to 1.5 m tall, often clustered; leaves are obovate or elliptic; flowers are solitary at the branch tips, bell-shaped, with 9 tepals, 3 arranged in a whorl, purple or purplish-red; in spring the flowers open before the leaves or flowers and leaves open together.White Yulan magnolia is a deciduous tree, up to 25 m tall, with a diameter that can reach 200 cm; the crown is narrowly ovate when young, and broadly ovate or loosely broad-ovate when mature. Large trees of seedling origin often have an obvious main trunk, a sturdy body, a majestic and towering appearance, strong growth vigor, long internodes and sparse branches, but somewhat sparse flowering. Grafted plants often show multiple trunks or a low-branching main trunk, with short internodes and dense branches, and a smaller and more delicate tree body, but with clusters of flowers, appearing pure white from a distance and extremely charming. Therefore, white Yulan magnolia of different origins has different charms in garden applications; in small or enclosed gardens, solitary planting or small-group planting should use grafted plants to reflect an antique elegance; while scenic tourist areas should use seedling plants to express a rough and simple style.
Saucer magnolia (Magnolia soulangeana Soul-Bod.) is a plant of the Magnoliaceae family, Magnolia genus. Also known as cinnabar magnolia and purple-sand magnolia. It is a hybrid of white Yulan magnolia and purple magnolia, developed from 1820 to 1840. Morphological characteristics: deciduous small tree, 6 to 10 m tall. Branchlets hairless. Leaves obovate, apex shortly acute, often hairy at the base of the midvein on the upper surface, more or less pubescent on the underside, petiole pubescent, stipule scar length one third of the petiole. Flowers open before the leaves, large and bell-shaped, purple or red, white inside, fragrant, tepals 6 to 9. Fruit black, with white lenticels, seeds dark brown. Flowering period February to March, fruit ripening period September to October. Ecological habits: sun-loving tree, slightly shade-tolerant, best grown in acidic, fertile and well-drained soil, and can also grow in slightly alkaline soil. Likes fertilizer; fleshy roots are not tolerant of waterlogging. Likes humid air, relatively strong cold tolerance, sensitive to temperature. Not tolerant of pruning. Lifespan can reach more than a thousand years. Propagation and cultivation: mainly by grafting, and also by layering and cutting. Greening use: saucer magnolia is an excellent ornamental tree species.
Red Yulan magnolia is a new variety selected and bred by the Magnolia New Variety Research Institute, blooming three times each year in spring, summer and autumn. In China, there are few flowers in midsummer, and even fewer woody flowering plants; this variety well meets the needs of this period. 'Hongyun' Yulan magnolia can be planted alone in courtyards or in groups, and has now trended toward use as a street tree.
The key cultivation points of red Yulan magnolia are that it likes light, fertilizer and water, and fears waterlogging and root rot. When planting in low-lying areas in the south, the position should be raised; in alkaline land in the north with a pH value of 7.5-8.3, a 3‰ ferrous sulfate solution can be used 3-4 times a year for neutralization. Because the new roots of Magnoliaceae plants are fleshy roots and wounds heal relatively slowly, careful management is needed after transplanting.
Yellow Yulan magnolia (Mgnolia sp. "Sunspire") belongs to the Magnoliaceae family, Magnolia genus, and is a deciduous small shrub. It is a very precious ornamental plant. The flower colors of Magnolia genus plants are mostly white, pink and purplish-red. Yellow Yulan magnolia flowers are extremely rare. Yellow Yulan magnolia blooms in late spring. The growing environment is sunny to semi-shady; ordinary garden soil is sufficient, with good drainage, and no pruning is needed. It can be planted in both the north and the south. Yellow Yulan magnolia has golden yellow flowers and a late flowering period, so there is no need to worry about damage from early spring frost.
Types and characteristics of Yulan magnolia
Southern magnolia grows very well as a street tree in many cities. It is now the season when southern magnolia flowers are in full bloom, and it is a beautiful scene in the city.Southern magnolia, scientific name: magnolia grandiflora linn. Because its flowers are very large and resemble lotus flowers, it is also called "lotus magnolia". Southern magnolia is native to the Americas, so some people also call it "foreign magnolia".
Southern magnolia belongs to the Magnoliaceae family, Magnolia genus; it is an evergreen tree with leathery leaves, rust-colored tomentum on the underside, a glossy surface, and slightly recurved margins; the leaves are 10-20 cm long. Another variety is called narrow-leaved southern magnolia, with narrower and longer leaves, less hair on the underside, and slightly stronger cold tolerance.
The flowers are large and white, fragrant, 20-30 cm in diameter, usually with 6 petals, as large as lotus flowers; the flowering period is May-July; the seed coat is red, and the fruit ripens in September-October.
Southern magnolia can usually grow to 30 m, but common Yulan magnolia can only grow to 16-23 m. The crown is ovate-conical, and both branchlets and buds have rust-colored tomentum; the branches are majestic and magnificent.
Southern magnolia has a beautiful tree shape and large, fragrant flowers; it is an excellent environmentally friendly courtyard tree, suitable for factory and mining area greening, and is closely related to human survival.
Purple magnolia, scientific name: Magnolia liliflora Desr. English name: Lily Magnolia. Family name: Magnoliaceae
Deciduous shrub, up to 3 m tall, often clustered. Buds have grayish-brown fine hairs; branchlets are purplish-brown. Leaves are obovate or elliptic-ovate, 10-18 cm long and 4-10 cm wide, apex acute or acuminate, base cuneate, with soft hairs along the veins on the underside. Flowers open before the leaves or rarely at the same time as the leaves, large, bell-shaped; calyx segments 3, lanceolate, light purplish-brown, 2-3 cm long; petals 6, oblong-obovate, 8 to 10 cm long, purple or purplish-red outside, white inside; filaments and carpels purplish-red; style 1, apex pointed, slightly curved. Aggregate fruit oblong, 7-10 cm long, light brown. The grafted purple magnolia cultivated in Huangchuan, Henan blooms three to four times each year, with each flowering period lasting 20-35 days.
The bark, leaves and flowers can be used to extract aromatic concrete; the flower buds are used as medicine to treat headache, sinusitis, etc., and also have the effect of lowering blood pressure. The flowers contain volatile oil and a small amount of alkaloids.
Purple magnolia is a deciduous shrub of the Magnoliaceae family, Magnolia genus; when planted in the ground it is 3 to 5 m tall, when potted it is 1 to 1.5 m tall, often clustered; leaves are obovate or elliptic; flowers are solitary at the branch tips, bell-shaped, with 9 tepals, 3 arranged in a whorl, purple or purplish-red; in spring the flowers open before the leaves or flowers and leaves open together.
White Yulan magnolia is a deciduous tree, up to 25 m tall, with a diameter that can reach 200 cm; the crown is narrowly ovate when young, and broadly ovate or loosely broad-ovate when mature. Large trees of seedling origin often have an obvious main trunk, a sturdy body, a majestic and towering appearance, strong growth vigor, long internodes and sparse branches, but somewhat sparse flowering. Grafted plants often show multiple trunks or a low-branching main trunk, with short internodes and dense branches, and a smaller and more delicate tree body, but with clusters of flowers, appearing pure white from a distance and extremely charming. Therefore, white Yulan magnolia of different origins has different charms in garden applications; in small or enclosed gardens, solitary planting or small-group planting should use grafted plants to reflect an antique elegance; while scenic tourist areas should use seedling plants to express a rough and simple style.
Saucer magnolia (Magnolia soulangeana Soul-Bod.) is a plant of the Magnoliaceae family, Magnolia genus. Also known as cinnabar magnolia and purple-sand magnolia. It is a hybrid of white Yulan magnolia and purple magnolia, developed from 1820 to 1840.
Morphological characteristics: deciduous small tree, 6 to 10 m tall. Branchlets hairless. Leaves obovate, apex shortly acute, often hairy at the base of the midvein on the upper surface, more or less pubescent on the underside, petiole pubescent, stipule scar length one third of the petiole. Flowers open before the leaves, large and bell-shaped, purple or red, white inside, fragrant, tepals 6 to 9. Follicle fruit black, with white lenticels, seeds dark brown. Flowering period February to March, fruit ripening period September to October.
Ecological habits: sun-loving tree, slightly shade-tolerant, best grown in acidic, fertile and well-drained soil, and can also grow in slightly alkaline soil. Likes fertilizer; fleshy roots are not tolerant of waterlogging. Likes humid air, relatively strong cold tolerance, sensitive to temperature. Not tolerant of pruning. Lifespan can reach more than a thousand years.
Propagation and cultivation: mainly by grafting, and also by layering and cutting.
Greening use: saucer magnolia is an excellent ornamental tree species.
Red Yulan magnolia is a new variety selected and bred by the Magnolia New Variety Research Institute, blooming three times each year in spring, summer and autumn. In China, there are few flowers in midsummer, and even fewer woody flowering plants; this variety well meets the needs of this period. 'Hongyun' Yulan magnolia can be planted alone in courtyards or in groups, and has now trended toward use as a street tree.
The key cultivation points of red Yulan magnolia are that it likes light, fertilizer and water, and fears waterlogging and root rot. When planting in low-lying areas in the south, the position should be raised; in alkaline land in the north with a pH value of 7.5-8.3, a 3 per mille ferrous sulfate solution can be used 3-4 times a year for neutralization. Because the new roots of Magnoliaceae plants are fleshy roots and wounds heal relatively slowly, careful management is needed after transplanting.
Yellow Yulan magnolia (Mgnolia sp. "Sunspire") belongs to the Magnoliaceae family, Magnolia genus, and is a deciduous small shrub. It is a very precious ornamental plant. The flower colors of Magnolia genus plants are mostly white, pink and purplish-red. Yellow Yulan magnolia flowers are extremely rare.
Yellow Yulan magnolia blooms in late spring. The growing environment is sunny to semi-shady; ordinary garden soil is sufficient, with good drainage, and no pruning is needed. It can be planted in both the north and the south.
Yellow Yulan magnolia has golden yellow flowers and a late flowering period, so there is no need to worry about damage from early spring frost.
Xinyi, also known as Wangchunhua, belongs to the Magnoliaceae family. It has bright color, compact flower buds, neat scale hairs and a rich fragrance. Xinyi has the effect of dispelling wind-cold, and is used to treat rhinitis and lower blood pressure; Xinyi is also a precious spice and chemical raw material, as well as an ornamental greening plant, and was in short supply for many years in history.
Huangchuan County, Henan Province, is located in the transitional zone from the northern subtropics to the warm temperate zone, with a mild climate, four distinct seasons, abundant rainfall, a large temperature difference between day and night, a long sunshine duration, a special geographical location and superior ecological conditions. The annual average temperature is 14.8 degC, annual accumulated temperature 4782.3 degC--5419.3 degC, annual sunshine hours 1978.8 hours, sunshine rate 45%, spring and autumn day-night temperature difference about 6--10 degC, average rainfall 921 mm, frost-free period 216 days, soil pH value between 5.5-7.5; the light, heat, water and soil resources are uniquely favorable, providing good natural conditions for the production of high-quality Xinyi.